A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peripheral venous disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of peripheral venous disease?
Shiny appearance to the lower extremities
Swollen and enlarged veins
Diminished hair growth on the lower extremities
Loss of pigmentation over the shin area
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Shiny skin is associated with peripheral arterial disease due to reduced blood flow causing trophic changes. Peripheral venous disease causes venous stasis, leading to swollen veins and edema, not shiny skin. This finding is incorrect, as it reflects arterial insufficiency rather than venous pathology in the lower extremities.
Choice B reason: Swollen and enlarged veins are hallmark manifestations of peripheral venous disease, resulting from venous stasis and incompetent valves, causing blood pooling and varicosities. This increases venous pressure, leading to visible vein enlargement, making this the primary finding the nurse should recognize in clients with this condition.
Choice C reason: Diminished hair growth is characteristic of peripheral arterial disease, where reduced arterial flow impairs follicle nourishment. Peripheral venous disease causes edema and varicosities, not hair loss. This finding is incorrect, as it reflects arterial, not venous, pathology, making it irrelevant to the client’s condition.
Choice D reason: Loss of pigmentation over the shin suggests arterial insufficiency or chronic venous stasis dermatitis with hyperpigmentation, not depigmentation. Peripheral venous disease typically causes brownish discoloration from hemosiderin. This finding is incorrect, as swollen veins are more specific to venous disease than pigmentation changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Headaches are not a primary side effect of niacin, which mainly causes flushing due to prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation. Headaches may occur with other lipid-lowering drugs or unrelated conditions but are less specific to niacin’s mechanism, making this an incorrect side effect to emphasize in client education.
Choice B reason: Elevated heart rate is not a common side effect of niacin, which primarily causes flushing and gastrointestinal upset. Tachycardia may occur with other cardiovascular drugs or conditions but is not typical of niacin’s prostaglandin-driven effects, making this an incorrect side effect for client education.
Choice C reason: Flushing is a hallmark side effect of niacin, caused by prostaglandin release leading to cutaneous vasodilation. This transient redness and warmth, often on the face and neck, is common and expected, making it a critical side effect to include in client education to prepare for niacin therapy.
Choice D reason: Black, tarry stools indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, not a side effect of niacin. Niacin may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but not bleeding. This is more associated with anticoagulants or NSAIDs, making it an incorrect side effect to include in education for niacin therapy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The femoral pulse assesses lower extremity circulation, not cerebral blood flow. For evaluating brain circulation in an irregular heartbeat, the carotid pulse is more direct, as it supplies the brain. This makes femoral an incorrect choice for assessing cerebral perfusion in this context.
Choice B reason: The carotid pulse is the most appropriate site to evaluate cerebral circulation, as it directly supplies blood to the brain. In irregular heartbeats, assessing carotid pulse ensures adequate brain perfusion, making this the correct choice for the nurse to use in this scenario.
Choice C reason: The radial pulse assesses peripheral circulation, not cerebral blood flow. While useful for general pulse checks, it is less relevant for brain circulation compared to the carotid, making it an incorrect choice for evaluating cerebral perfusion in a client with an irregular heartbeat.
Choice D reason: The popliteal pulse assesses lower leg circulation, not cerebral blood flow. Carotid pulse is the primary site for evaluating brain perfusion in irregular heartbeats, as it directly supplies the brain, making popliteal an incorrect choice for this specific assessment purpose.
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