A nurse is collecting data from a client who is dehydrated due to fluid volume deficit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Moist skin
Distended neck veins
Increased urinary output
Thready pulses
The Correct Answer is D
A. Moist skin: Dehydration typically causes the skin to become dry, not moist. In fluid volume deficit, the body loses water and electrolytes, leading to a lack of moisture in the skin.
B. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins are typically a sign of fluid volume excess or overload, such as in heart failure, not fluid volume deficit. Dehydration usually leads to decreased blood volume, which results in flat veins.
C. Increased urinary output: Dehydration leads to decreased urine output as the body attempts to conserve water. Increased urinary output would be seen in conditions like diabetes insipidus, not dehydration.
D. Thready pulses: Thready pulses are a common sign of dehydration. Fluid volume deficit reduces circulating blood volume, leading to weaker and less palpable pulses, which is characteristic of dehydration.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Renal: In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by retaining bicarbonate (HCO3-) and excreting hydrogen ions (H+), which helps to restore normal pH levels. This compensation process can take hours to days, as the renal system gradually works to balance the acid-base disturbance.
B. Endocrine: The endocrine system plays a role in regulating various body functions, but it is not responsible for compensating respiratory acidosis. While hormones like aldosterone affect fluid and electrolyte balance, they do not compensate for acid-base imbalances.
C. Respiratory: The respiratory system itself is the cause of respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation and CO2 retention. The body cannot rely on the same system (respiratory) for compensation; compensation comes from the renal system instead.
D. Gastrointestinal: The gastrointestinal system does not directly compensate for respiratory acidosis. While it is involved in digestion and nutrient absorption, it does not play a significant role in regulating blood pH during acid-base imbalances.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus, particularly when poorly controlled, can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a common cause of metabolic acidosis. In DKA, the body produces excessive acidic ketones due to a lack of insulin, leading to a decrease in blood pH and the development of metabolic acidosis.
B. Myasthenia gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness, but it does not directly affect the body’s acid-base balance. It is not a condition that leads to metabolic acidosis.
C. Asthma: Asthma can cause respiratory acidosis if there is significant hypoventilation or airway obstruction, but it is not a cause of metabolic acidosis. Asthma mainly affects the respiratory system, leading to a potential for CO2 retention, not metabolic acidosis.
D. Cancer: While cancer can contribute to various metabolic disturbances, it is not a direct cause of metabolic acidosis unless there are complications such as kidney failure, severe infections, or tumor lysis syndrome. Diabetes mellitus is a more common and direct cause of metabolic acidosis
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