A nurse is collecting data from a toddler during a well-child visit. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prepare the toddler for a physical examination?

Informed consent is a crucial aspect of the patient's rights and autonomy in healthcare. It involves the voluntary and knowledgeable agreement of a competent individual to undergo a specific medical intervention or procedure. The provider is responsible for explaining the procedure, its potential risks and benefits, alternative options, and any potential complications to the patient. Once the patient has received this information and has had an opportunity to ask questions, they can provide their consent by signing the informed consent form.

"We can accept verbal consent unless the surgical procedure is an emergency." Verbal consent is generally not sufficient for most non-emergency surgical procedures. Informed consent typically requires a written documentation, signed by the patient or their legally authorized representative, to ensure clarity, accountability, and legal protection.

"We require informed consent for all routine treatments." Informed consent is typically required for invasive procedures, surgeries, and treatments with potential risks. Routine treatments that are considered low risk and part of standard care may not require explicit informed consent.

However, it is still important for healthcare providers to inform and involve patients in their care decisions.

"A family member must witness your signature on the informed consent form." While it is often beneficial to have a witness to the patient's informed consent, it does not necessarily have to be a family member. The witness can be any competent individual who can attest to the patient's signing of the form and their understanding of the procedure.

The correct answer is Choices B and D.

Choice A rationale: Using confrontation to manage a client’s behavior is not recommended, especially for clients with Alzheimer’s disease. Confrontation can lead to increased agitation, confusion, and distress in these clients. It’s important to approach clients with Alzheimer’s disease in a calm, reassuring manner and to validate their feelings and experiences.

Choice B rationale: Limiting the number of choices for the client is a beneficial strategy when caring for clients with Alzheimer’s disease. Too many choices can overwhelm these clients and lead to increased confusion and frustration. By simplifying decisions, caregivers can help to reduce the client’s stress and improve their ability to function.

Choice C rationale: While it’s important to keep clients with Alzheimer’s disease engaged and stimulated, providing a stimulating environment can be counterproductive. Too much stimulation can overwhelm these clients and lead to increased confusion and agitation. It’s more beneficial to provide a calm, quiet, and familiar environment for these clients.

Choice D rationale: Using written signs to assist the client with locating the bathroom can be very helpful for clients with Alzheimer’s disease. As the disease progresses, these clients often struggle with memory loss and disorientation. Clear, simple signs can help them navigate their environment and maintain a level of independence.