A nurse is collecting data on a client who has bradycardia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Fixed volume deficit

Anxiety

Lightheadedness

Elevated temperature

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason : A fixed volume deficit, or hypovolemia, is not a direct finding associated with bradycardia. Bradycardia refers to a slower than normal heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute in adults⁸. Hypovolemia can cause various compensatory mechanisms to activate, including an increase in heart rate to maintain cardiac output, which is the opposite of bradycardia. Therefore, a fixed volume deficit is not a typical finding in bradycardia unless it is part of a broader clinical picture⁹.

Choice B reason : Anxiety is a condition that can sometimes lead to an increased heart rate, known as tachycardia, rather than a decreased heart rate as seen in bradycardia. While anxiety can coexist with bradycardia, especially if the patient is anxious about their health, it is not a direct symptom or finding of bradycardia itself⁹.

Choice C reason : Lightheadedness is a common symptom of bradycardia. When the heart rate is too slow, it may lead to inadequate cerebral perfusion, which can cause a feeling of lightheadedness or dizziness. This symptom can be particularly evident when the patient changes positions, such as standing up quickly, which can exacerbate the effects of reduced cardiac output on cerebral blood flow⁸⁹.

Choice D reason : An elevated temperature is not typically associated with bradycardia. Fever can actually lead to an increased heart rate as the body attempts to manage the higher metabolic demands associated with a raised temperature. Bradycardia in the presence of fever might indicate a more complex clinical scenario, such as myocarditis or central nervous system infections, but it is not a direct finding of bradycardia⁹.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Walking is a highly beneficial activity for individuals with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). It helps improve circulation, which can be compromised in PVD due to narrowed or blocked blood vessels. Regular walking can lead to the development of collateral circulation, which is the formation of new blood vessels that bypass the blockages and improve blood flow to the affected areas. This can help alleviate symptoms such as pain and cramping during walking, known as claudication. Walking should be done at a pace that is comfortable and should be stopped if pain occurs. Over time, walking can increase the distance a person with PVD can walk without pain.

Choice B reason: Compression stockings are often recommended for individuals with PVD to help improve blood flow. Knee-length stockings exert pressure on the lower legs, helping to reduce edema and discomfort associated with PVD. They can also help prevent deep vein thrombosis, a potential complication of PVD.

Choice C reason: Elevating the legs can help reduce swelling and improve venous return in clients with PVD. It is recommended to elevate the legs above the level of the heart to maximize the effect. This can be done by placing pillows under the legs while lying down.

Choice D reason: Shopping for shoes in the morning is advised because feet can swell throughout the day, especially in clients with PVD. Fitting shoes in the morning can help ensure a more accurate fit, reducing the risk of pressure points that could lead to skin breakdown and ulcers.

A. Set your goal body weight within 25% of your ideal body weight. B. Limit alcohol consumption to two drinks a day for men and one drink a day for women when hypertensive. C. Plan to lower sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg each day. D. Plan to have potassium blood levels checked when taking thiazide diuretics.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason : Setting a goal body weight within 25% of the ideal body weight can be misleading. The ideal body weight should be determined based on body mass index (BMI), considering the individual's height and weight. A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered normal.

Choice B reason : This is a general guideline for alcohol consumption, but for individuals with hypertension, it is often recommended to limit alcohol intake even further to help manage blood pressure

Choice C reason : This is a key recommendation for managing hypertension. Reducing sodium intake helps lower blood pressure and is a widely accepted guideline

Choice D reason : Monitoring potassium levels is crucial when taking thiazide diuretics because these medications can decrease potassium levels in the blood, leading to hypokalemia.

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A nurse is collecting data on a client who has bradycardia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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