A nurse is completing a physical assessment of a client who has early osteoarthritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Ulnar deviation

Symmetric joints affected

Pain worsens with activity

Weight loss

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Ulnar Deviation

Ulnar deviation, or the bending of the fingers towards the ulna (the outer bone of the forearm), is more commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis rather than osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects the joints symmetrically and can lead to deformities such as ulnar deviation due to chronic inflammation.

Choice B reason: Symmetric Joints Affected

Symmetric joint involvement is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis usually affects joints asymmetrically, meaning it can affect one joint more than the other. It commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine.

Choice C reason: Pain Worsens with Activity

Pain that worsens with activity is a hallmark symptom of osteoarthritis. This condition is caused by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain and stiffness, especially after physical activity. The pain typically improves with rest but can become more persistent as the disease progresses.

Choice D reason: Weight Loss

Weight loss is not a typical manifestation of osteoarthritis. In fact, being overweight or obese is a risk factor for developing osteoarthritis, particularly in weight-bearing joints. Weight management is often recommended to help reduce the stress on affected joints and alleviate symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Turn the client every 4 hours: Regularly turning the client can help prevent pressure ulcers and improve overall circulation, but it is not the most effective measure specifically for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). While repositioning can help with lung expansion and secretion clearance, oral care is more directly related to reducing VAP risk.

Choice B reason:

Brush the client’s teeth with a suction toothbrush every 12 hours: Oral care is crucial in preventing VAP. Bacteria from the mouth can easily travel to the lungs, especially in intubated patients. Using a suction toothbrush helps remove dental plaque and secretions, reducing the bacterial load and the risk of infection. This practice is a key component of VAP prevention bundles.

Choice C reason:

Provide humidity by maintaining moisture within the ventilator tubing: While maintaining humidity is important to prevent drying of the respiratory mucosa and to help with secretion clearance, it does not directly reduce the risk of VAP. Proper humidification is necessary for patient comfort and respiratory function but is not a primary VAP prevention strategy.

Choice D reason:

Position the head of the client’s bed in the flat position: Positioning the head of the bed flat can increase the risk of aspiration, which is a significant risk factor for VAP. The head of the bed should be elevated to 30-45 degrees to reduce the risk of aspiration and promote better lung expansion.

Correct Answer is ["0.5"]

Explanation

Step 1: Determine the dosage required. Required dosage = 1 mg

Step 2: Determine the concentration of the available solution. Available concentration = 1 mg/0.5 mL

Step 3: Calculate the volume to be administered. Volume to be administered = Required dosage ÷ Available concentration Volume to be administered = 1 mg ÷ (1 mg ÷ 0.5 mL)

Step 4: Perform the division. 1 ÷ (1 ÷ 0.5) = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5

Step 5: Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Rounded volume = 0.5 mL

The nurse should administer 0.5 mL.

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A nurse is completing a physical assessment of a client who has early osteoarthritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has an endotracheal tube and is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer 1 mg vitamin K to a newborn. The medication is available in 1 mg/0.5 mL. How much should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero when applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["0.5"]

Explanation

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