A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a client in her 35th week of pregnancy who has mild preeclampsia. Which of the following information about nutrition should be included in the teaching?
Drink 48 to 64 ounces of water daily.
Avoid salting foods during cooking.
Consume 40 to 50 g of protein daily.
Limit intake of whole grains, raw fruits, and vegetables.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice a reason:
Hydration is crucial during pregnancy, especially for those with preeclampsia. Adequate water intake helps maintain blood volume and reduce blood viscosity, which can help manage blood pressure levels. Drinking 48 to 64 ounces of water daily is recommended to support the increased blood volume needed during pregnancy and to help prevent dehydration, which can exacerbate preeclampsia symptoms.
Choice b reason:
While reducing salt intake can be beneficial for managing blood pressure, it is not necessary to completely avoid salting foods during cooking. Instead, moderation is key. Excessive salt can lead to water retention, which can worsen preeclampsia, but some salt is needed for electrolyte balance and proper body function.
Choice c reason:
Protein is an essential nutrient for fetal growth and the repair and maintenance of maternal tissues. A daily intake of 40 to 50 grams of protein is generally recommended during pregnancy. However, for those with preeclampsia, protein needs may be higher due to potential protein loss in the urine. It's important to monitor protein intake and adjust as needed under medical guidance.
Choice d reason:
Limiting the intake of whole grains, raw fruits, and vegetables is not recommended. These foods provide essential nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants that are beneficial for both maternal and fetal health. They should be included as part of a balanced diet unless there are specific dietary restrictions advised by a healthcare provider.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Reporting the situation to the provider and preparing for induction of labor may be premature without first attempting to stimulate fetal movement. Nonstress tests can have periods of no observed movement without indicating immediate distress or the need for labor induction.
Choice B reason:
Turning the client onto her left side can improve uteroplacental blood flow, which might indirectly stimulate fetal movement. However, this action alone may not be sufficient to prompt fetal activity during a nonstress test.
Choice C reason:
Encouraging the client to walk around could potentially stimulate fetal movement, but it is not the standard initial response during a nonstress test. Walking without monitoring may also miss capturing any potential movements that occur during that time.
Choice D reason:
Offering the client a snack of orange juice and crackers is a common and non-invasive method to encourage fetal movement. The natural sugars in the orange juice can increase the baby's blood glucose levels, potentially leading to increased activity that can be observed on the nonstress test.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is generally not directly associated with maternal smoking. It is an autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little to no insulin. Risk factors for Type 1 diabetes include family history and possibly environmental factors, but maternal smoking is not a recognized risk factor.
Choice B reason:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to poor growth of a fetus while in the mother's womb during pregnancy. The causes of IUGR are many, but maternal smoking is a well-documented risk factor. Smoking during pregnancy can reduce oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus, leading to low birth weight and other complications.
Choice C reason:
While smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of various health issues, there is no direct and consistent evidence linking it to hearing loss in newborns. Hearing loss in newborns can be due to genetic factors, infections during pregnancy, or complications at birth.
Choice D reason:
Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect, and their causes can be multifactorial, including genetic and environmental factors. Maternal smoking has been associated with an increased risk of certain congenital heart defects, but the relationship is not as strong as with intrauterine growth restriction.
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