A nurse is conducting a health education about viral hepatitis B (HBV)in a community setting. An individual plans to travel to a country where hepatitis B is common. What will the nurse teach is the only preventive measure for HBV?

Drink purified water

Avoid crowded, enclosed spaces

Complete the vaccination series

Avoid sharing utensils

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Drink purified water: While drinking purified water is important for preventing various waterborne diseases, it is not a preventive measure specifically targeted at hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. HBV is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as during unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. Drinking purified water does not protect against these modes of HBV transmission.

B. Avoid crowded, enclosed spaces: Avoiding crowded, enclosed spaces may reduce the risk of respiratory infections, but it does not specifically prevent HBV transmission. HBV is not transmitted through the air like respiratory viruses. Instead, it is spread through direct contact with infected blood or body fluids. While avoiding crowded spaces may be a general infection control measure, it is not a targeted preventive measure for HBV.

C. Complete the vaccination series: This is the correct preventive measure for HBV. The hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective in preventing HBV infection. It is administered as a series of shots, typically given in three doses over a period of several months. Completing the vaccination series provides long-term immunity against HBV infection and is recommended for all individuals, including travelers to regions where HBV is common. Vaccination not only protects the individual but also contributes to reducing the overall prevalence of HBV in the community.

D. Avoid sharing utensils: While avoiding sharing utensils can reduce the risk of transmitting certain infections, such as colds or flu, it is not specifically aimed at preventing HBV transmission. HBV is primarily transmitted through activities involving exposure to infected blood or body fluids, rather than through sharing utensils. While practicing good hygiene and avoiding behaviors that may result in exposure to blood or body fluids are important preventive measures for HBV, completing the vaccination series is the most effective way to prevent infection.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Weigh yourself after breakfast every morning": Hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Monitoring weight daily, particularly after breakfast, helps detect any sudden weight changes that could indicate fluid retention or loss, allowing for timely intervention.

B. "Check your blood pressure anytime during the day": While monitoring blood pressure regularly is important for patients with hypertension, it is not a specific safety precaution related to taking hydrochlorothiazide. Blood pressure monitoring may be recommended, but it is not the primary safety precaution associated with this medication.

C. "Call the primary care provider if you experience any seizures": Seizures are not a common side effect of hydrochlorothiazide. Therefore, while it is important for patients to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider, seizures are not specifically associated with this medication.

D. "Exercise at least twice a week": While regular exercise is beneficial for overall health, it is not a specific safety precaution related to taking hydrochlorothiazide. However, lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise may complement medication therapy in managing hypertension.

A. Avoid using tobacco products B. Maintain normal body weight C. Control blood pressure D. Avoid eating foods high in fiber

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Avoid using tobacco products: Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco, is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis. Chemicals in tobacco smoke damage blood vessels, promote inflammation, and contribute to the development of plaque buildup in the arteries. Therefore, avoiding tobacco products is crucial for preventing atherosclerosis and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

B. Maintain normal body weight: Obesity and excess body weight are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity helps reduce the strain on the heart and blood vessels, lowers cholesterol levels, and improves overall cardiovascular health. Therefore, promoting weight management as part of atherosclerosis prevention is essential.

C. Control blood pressure: High blood pressure (hypertension) is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and its complications, such as heart attack and stroke. Elevated blood pressure damages the inner lining of blood vessels, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup and narrowing. By controlling blood pressure through lifestyle modifications (such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management) and medications when necessary, individuals can reduce their risk of developing atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular events.

D. Avoid eating foods high in fiber: This statement is incorrect. Dietary fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Fiber helps lower cholesterol levels, improve blood sugar control, and promote bowel regularity, all of which contribute to reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, consuming foods high in fiber is actually recommended as part of a heart-healthy diet and atherosclerosis prevention strategy.

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A nurse is conducting a health education about viral hepatitis B (HBV)in a community setting. An individual plans to travel to a country where hepatitis B is common. What will the nurse teach is the only preventive measure for HBV?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

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