A nurse is conducting a health education about viral hepatitis B (HBV)in a community setting. An individual plans to travel to a country where hepatitis B is common. What will the nurse teach is the only preventive measure for HBV?

A. Monitors the patient's temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure:
Monitoring vital signs is crucial for assessing the patient's overall condition, including respiratory status. However, while changes in vital signs may indicate respiratory distress, they do not directly address the need to ensure clear breath sounds. This intervention alone does not actively promote airway clearance or improve breath sounds.

B. Educates the patient to avoid handling pet excreta or cleaning litter boxes, birdcages, or aquariums:
This intervention focuses on reducing the risk of exposure to potential pathogens that could worsen the patient's respiratory condition. While important for infection control, it does not directly address the need to ensure clear breath sounds. Environmental precautions, although necessary, do not actively promote airway clearance or improve breath sounds.

C. Encourages the patient to perform cough, deep breathing, and postural drainage every 2 to 4 hours:
This intervention directly targets promoting airway clearance and improving breath sounds in a patient with pneumonia. Coughing helps mobilize secretions, deep breathing promotes lung expansion and ventilation, and postural drainage assists in the drainage of secretions from different lung segments. Regular performance of these interventions prevents secretion accumulation, thereby improving breath sounds and respiratory function.

D. Provides nutritional support if the patient is unable to take sufficient amounts by mouth:
While nutritional support is important for overall patient care, especially during illness or compromised nutritional intake, it does not directly address the need to ensure clear breath sounds in a patient with pneumonia. Although adequate nutrition supports immune function and overall recovery, it does not directly impact respiratory clearance or breath sounds.

A. "Your veins are not functioning properly. Lack of venous blood volume causes these ulcers": While venous insufficiency contributes to the development of venous ulcers, the primary issue is not necessarily a lack of venous blood volume but rather impaired venous return due to valve dysfunction.

B. "Your veins are weaker and blood is not moving up as it should. The congestion in your veins causes the ulcers to form.": This explanation accurately describes the pathophysiology of venous ulcers. Venous insufficiency leads to venous congestion, which causes increased pressure in the veins of the lower extremities. This pressure can result in the breakdown of skin and the formation of ulcers, typically around the ankles.

C. "Because the veins are not working properly, there is not enough oxygen going to the skin of your legs.": While venous insufficiency can affect tissue oxygenation to some extent, the primary mechanism leading to venous ulcers is venous congestion and increased pressure in the lower extremities, rather than insufficient oxygen delivery.

D. "Your veins clogged so the body causes the arteries to swell and the excess oxygen in the blood causes the ulcers.": This explanation does not accurately describe the pathophysiology of venous ulcers. Venous ulcers result from impaired venous return and venous congestion, not arterial swelling or excess oxygen in the blood.