A nurse is conducting a health education about viral hepatitis B (HBV)in a community setting. An individual plans to travel to a country where hepatitis B is common. What will the nurse teach is the only preventive measure for HBV?
Drink purified water
Avoid crowded, enclosed spaces
Complete the vaccination series
Avoid sharing utensils
The Correct Answer is C
A. Drink purified water: While drinking purified water is important for preventing various waterborne diseases, it is not a preventive measure specifically targeted at hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. HBV is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as during unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. Drinking purified water does not protect against these modes of HBV transmission.
B. Avoid crowded, enclosed spaces: Avoiding crowded, enclosed spaces may reduce the risk of respiratory infections, but it does not specifically prevent HBV transmission. HBV is not transmitted through the air like respiratory viruses. Instead, it is spread through direct contact with infected blood or body fluids. While avoiding crowded spaces may be a general infection control measure, it is not a targeted preventive measure for HBV.
C. Complete the vaccination series: This is the correct preventive measure for HBV. The hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective in preventing HBV infection. It is administered as a series of shots, typically given in three doses over a period of several months. Completing the vaccination series provides long-term immunity against HBV infection and is recommended for all individuals, including travelers to regions where HBV is common. Vaccination not only protects the individual but also contributes to reducing the overall prevalence of HBV in the community.
D. Avoid sharing utensils: While avoiding sharing utensils can reduce the risk of transmitting certain infections, such as colds or flu, it is not specifically aimed at preventing HBV transmission. HBV is primarily transmitted through activities involving exposure to infected blood or body fluids, rather than through sharing utensils. While practicing good hygiene and avoiding behaviors that may result in exposure to blood or body fluids are important preventive measures for HBV, completing the vaccination series is the most effective way to prevent infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Urinary retention: While urinary retention can occur in conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or neurogenic bladder, it is not a typical manifestation of hypertensive emergency. Hypertensive emergencies primarily involve acute and severe elevations in blood pressure, which can lead to target organ damage, but urinary retention is not a direct consequence.
B. Headache: Headache is a common symptom associated with hypertension, especially during hypertensive emergencies. However, it is not specific to hypertensive emergencies and can occur in less severe cases of hypertension as well.
C. Jaundice: Jaundice is not a typical manifestation of hypertensive emergency. It is more commonly associated with liver dysfunction or hemolytic disorders rather than acute elevations in blood pressure.
D. Tachycardia: Tachycardia, or an elevated heart rate, is a hallmark sign of hypertensive emergency. When blood pressure rises significantly, the heart may respond by increasing its rate to maintain cardiac output. Tachycardia is indicative of the body's compensatory mechanisms in response to the acute hypertension and can be a sign of impending cardiovascular complications.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I should avoid bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods": This statement demonstrates an understanding of dietary modifications to help manage recurrent diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Avoiding bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods can help reduce gastrointestinal distress and improve symptoms.
B. "I should eat BRAT diet such as bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast": The BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast) is a bland diet often recommended for individuals with diarrhea because it is easy to digest and can help firm up stools. This statement indicates appropriate understanding of dietary recommendations for managing diarrhea.
C. "I should avoid foods high in calories and proteins": This statement is incorrect and requires further clarification. Individuals with AIDS, especially those experiencing recurrent diarrhea, often have increased nutritional needs due to malabsorption, increased metabolism, and the body's increased energy requirements to fight infection. Avoiding foods high in calories and proteins can lead to malnutrition and worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, this statement requires correction.
D. "I should stop smoking and keep myself hydrated": This statement is appropriate and indicates understanding of important lifestyle modifications to manage diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Smoking cessation can improve overall health, while staying hydrated is essential to prevent dehydration associated with diarrhea.
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