A nurse is planning discharge instructions for a patient with hepatitis A and their family. The nurse will include which infection transmission measure in the discharge instructions?
Avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks
Avoid handling patient's leftover foods
Have family members get an injection of immunoglobin
Follow a low-protein, low carbohydrate diet
The Correct Answer is B
A. Avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks: Avoiding alcohol may be advisable for patients with hepatitis A to prevent additional strain on the liver. However, it is not specifically related to preventing transmission of the infection to others. Therefore, it is not a transmission measure typically included in discharge instructions for the patient's family.
B. Avoid handling patient's leftover foods: Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water. By avoiding handling the patient's leftover foods, the risk of transmitting the virus to family members through contaminated food is minimized. This measure helps prevent the spread of infection within the household.
C. Have family members get an injection of immunoglobulin: Immunoglobulin may be administered to individuals who have been exposed to hepatitis A to provide passive immunity and reduce the severity of the illness. However, this measure is typically recommended for individuals who have not been previously vaccinated against hepatitis A and have been in close contact with an infected person, rather than as a general preventive measure for all family members.
D. Follow a low-protein, low carbohydrate diet: While maintaining a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific dietary recommendation related to protein or carbohydrate intake for patients with hepatitis A. Therefore, this measure is not directly related to preventing transmission of the infection to others and would not typically be included in discharge instructions for the patient's family.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I should avoid bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods": This statement demonstrates an understanding of dietary modifications to help manage recurrent diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Avoiding bowel irritants such as fatty or fried foods can help reduce gastrointestinal distress and improve symptoms.
B. "I should eat BRAT diet such as bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast": The BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, tea, and toast) is a bland diet often recommended for individuals with diarrhea because it is easy to digest and can help firm up stools. This statement indicates appropriate understanding of dietary recommendations for managing diarrhea.
C. "I should avoid foods high in calories and proteins": This statement is incorrect and requires further clarification. Individuals with AIDS, especially those experiencing recurrent diarrhea, often have increased nutritional needs due to malabsorption, increased metabolism, and the body's increased energy requirements to fight infection. Avoiding foods high in calories and proteins can lead to malnutrition and worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, this statement requires correction.
D. "I should stop smoking and keep myself hydrated": This statement is appropriate and indicates understanding of important lifestyle modifications to manage diarrhea in someone with AIDS. Smoking cessation can improve overall health, while staying hydrated is essential to prevent dehydration associated with diarrhea.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Loss of hair over toes:
Loss of hair over the toes is not typically associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Instead, it may be indicative of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or poor peripheral circulation. In DVT, symptoms are more related to venous congestion and inflammation rather than hair loss.
B. Tenderness in the thigh:
Tenderness in the thigh is a common clinical manifestation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It occurs due to the presence of a thrombus within the deep veins of the thigh, causing local inflammation and irritation of the vessel wall. This tenderness may be elicited by palpation along the course of the affected vein.
C. Rest pain:
Rest pain is not typically associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Rest pain is more commonly seen in conditions such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD), where inadequate blood supply to the extremities leads to ischemic pain at rest, especially during periods of reduced blood flow.
D. Auscultation of bruit over pedal pulse:
Auscultation of a bruit over the pedal pulse is not typically associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A bruit is an abnormal sound caused by turbulent blood flow through a narrowed or obstructed vessel, commonly heard in arterial conditions such as atherosclerosis. In DVT, venous obstruction does not typically produce bruits.
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