A nurse is conducting education on urinary incontinence at a senior center. The nurse is discussing lifestyle changes that are associated with an improvement in urinary incontinence. The nurse includes which of the following interventions? (Select all that apply.)
Increase in physical activity
Blood sugar control
Smoking cessation
Weight reduction
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A: Increase in physical activity
Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help control urination. Exercises such as Kegels can specifically target these muscles, leading to improvements in urinary incontinence.
Choice B: Blood sugar control
While blood sugar control is important for overall health and can prevent complications from diabetes, it is not directly associated with improvements in urinary incontinence.
Choice C: Smoking cessation
Smoking can lead to coughing which puts pressure on the bladder and can exacerbate symptoms of urinary incontinence. Therefore, smoking cessation can lead to improvements.
Choice D: Weight reduction
Excess weight can put pressure on the bladder and surrounding muscles. Losing weight can reduce this pressure and improve symptoms of urinary incontinence.
There is no Choice E in this case. Each of these interventions can contribute to overall health and may indirectly affect urinary incontinence, but Choices A, C, and D are the most directly related to improvements in this condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A: Pressure ulcers - Physical restraints can lead to immobility, which increases the risk of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on the skin.
Choice B: Death - Restraints can cause fatal accidents. For example, a person might try to remove the restraint, fall, and suffer a fatal injury.
Choice C: Sepsis - While sepsis is a severe condition often caused by an infection, it's not a direct result of physical restraints. However, if a pressure ulcer (caused by restraints) becomes severely infected, it could potentially lead to sepsis.
Choice D: Decreased circulation/perfusion to the extremities - Restraints can restrict movement, leading to decreased blood flow to the extremities.
Choice E: Fractures - Struggling against restraints can lead to falls and subsequent fractures.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Isolated systolic hypertension is not a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension, but rather a risk factor for it. Isolated systolic hypertension is a condition where the systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140 mmHg) while the diastolic blood pressure is normal (<90 mmHg). It is common in older adults due to the stiffening of the arteries, and can increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
Choice B reason: Atrial fibrillation is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can cause poor blood flow and increase the risk of stroke and heart failure. Chronic hypertension can damage the heart muscle and the electrical system of the heart, leading to atrial fibrillation.
Choice C reason: Renal insufficiency is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Renal insufficiency is a condition where the kidneys are unable to filter waste and fluid from the blood adequately. Chronic hypertension can damage the blood vessels and the nephrons of the kidneys, leading to renal insufficiency.
Choice D reason: Stroke is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Stroke is a sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain, causing brain cell death and neurological deficits. Chronic hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the brain, making them prone to rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) or blockage (ischemic stroke).
Choice E reason: Cardiac disease is a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension. Cardiac disease is a broad term that encompasses various disorders of the heart, such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Chronic hypertension can damage the heart by increasing the workload and the oxygen demand of the heart, causing the heart to enlarge and weaken over time.
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