An older adult who has been diagnosed with COPD wants to perform self-care activities. Which instruction should the nurse include in client teaching to help achieve this goal?
Perform all activities of daily living (ADLs) and then rest
Bathe and eat slowly with periodic rest
Walk short distances without oxygen
Bathe right after eating and then rest
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Performing all activities of daily living (ADLs) and then resting is not a good instruction for the older adult who has COPD, as it can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, and anxiety. The nurse would advise the older adult to pace themselves and prioritize the most important activities, and to take breaks between tasks.
Choice B reason: Bathing and eating slowly with periodic rest is a good instruction for the older adult who has COPD, as it can help conserve energy, prevent dyspnea, and improve digestion. The nurse would advise the older adult to use a shower chair or a handheld showerhead, to avoid hot water or steam, and to use a fan or an open window for ventilation. The nurse would also advise the older adult to eat small, frequent meals, to avoid foods that cause gas or bloating, and to drink fluids between meals rather than with them.
Choice C reason: Walking short distances without oxygen is not a safe instruction for the older adult who has COPD, as it can cause hypoxia, which is a low level of oxygen in the blood. The nurse would advise the older adult to use oxygen therapy as prescribed by their doctor, and to monitor their oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter. The nurse would also advise the older adult to exercise regularly, but to start slowly and gradually increase the intensity and duration, and to stop if they feel dizzy, chest pain, or severe breathlessness.
Choice D reason: Bathing right after eating and then resting is not a helpful instruction for the older adult who has COPD, as it can cause indigestion, reflux, or aspiration. The nurse would advise the older adult to wait at least an hour after eating before bathing, and to avoid lying down right after eating or bathing. The nurse would also advise the older adult to elevate their head with pillows when resting or sleeping, and to avoid napping during the day.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Risk for injury is a potential nursing diagnosis for a client who recently experienced a stroke, but it is not the priority. Risk for injury is related to the possible complications of stroke, such as hemiparesis, hemiplegia, dysphagia, or sensory deficits, that may increase the risk of falls, aspiration, or pressure ulcers. However, these complications are secondary to the primary problem of altered cerebral perfusion, which is the cause of stroke.
Choice B reason: Altered cerebral perfusion is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client who recently experienced a stroke, because it is the most urgent and life-threatening problem. Altered cerebral perfusion is defined as a decrease in blood flow to the brain, which can result in ischemia, infarction, or hemorrhage of the brain tissue. This can lead to irreversible neurological damage, disability, or death. Therefore, the nurse should focus on restoring and maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion as the first priority.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A: Increase in physical activity
Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help control urination. Exercises such as Kegels can specifically target these muscles, leading to improvements in urinary incontinence.
Choice B: Blood sugar control
While blood sugar control is important for overall health and can prevent complications from diabetes, it is not directly associated with improvements in urinary incontinence.
Choice C: Smoking cessation
Smoking can lead to coughing which puts pressure on the bladder and can exacerbate symptoms of urinary incontinence. Therefore, smoking cessation can lead to improvements.
Choice D: Weight reduction
Excess weight can put pressure on the bladder and surrounding muscles. Losing weight can reduce this pressure and improve symptoms of urinary incontinence.
There is no Choice E in this case. Each of these interventions can contribute to overall health and may indirectly affect urinary incontinence, but Choices A, C, and D are the most directly related to improvements in this condition.
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