A new nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for a client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). The nurse should note that which one of the following actions is likely to be observed during the assessment?
Changing facial expression
Frequent movement
Resting hand tremors
Fast movements
None of the above
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Changing facial expression is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes reduced facial expression or mask-like face. The client may have difficulty blinking, smiling, or showing emotions.
Choice B reason: Frequent movement is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes slowed movement or bradykinesia. The client may have difficulty initiating, continuing, or completing movements.
Choice C reason: Resting hand tremors is a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes rhythmic shaking of the hands, fingers, or other body parts. The tremors usually occur when the affected limb is at rest and may decrease when the client is performing tasks.
Choice D reason: Fast movements is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes impaired movement or dyskinesia. The client may have involuntary, jerky, or twisting movements that are often unpredictable and uncontrollable.
Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is a likely action to be observed during the assessment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because over-the-counter NSAIDs are not generally harmless, especially for older adults. NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment, hypertension, and increased risk of cardiovascular events. Older adults are more susceptible to these adverse effects due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the presence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. Therefore, NSAIDs should be used with caution and at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible in older adults.
Choice B reason: This is correct because stool softeners and laxatives should be used with opioids. Opioids can cause constipation, which can lead to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fecal impaction, and bowel obstruction. Older adults are more prone to constipation due to decreased intestinal motility, reduced fluid intake, and use of other medications that affect bowel function. Therefore, stool softeners and laxatives should be prescribed along with opioids to prevent and treat constipation in older adults.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because opioids are not less effective in older clients than in younger clients. Opioids are potent analgesics that can relieve moderate to severe pain in older adults. However, opioids can also cause respiratory depression, sedation, confusion, delirium, falls, and dependence. Older adults are more sensitive to these side effects due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the presence of cognitive impairment and frailty. Therefore, opioids should be used with caution and at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible in older adults.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because the dose limit for acetaminophen is not difficult to reach for older adults. Acetaminophen is a safe and effective analgesic for mild to moderate pain in older adults. However, acetaminophen can cause hepatotoxicity, especially at high doses or in combination with other medications that contain acetaminophen. The recommended maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for older adults is 3 grams, which can be easily reached if the patient is not aware of the amount of acetaminophen they are taking. Therefore, acetaminophen should be used with caution and at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible in older adults.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diaphoresis is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the body tries to increase blood flow and release adrenaline to raise blood sugar levels. The client may notice sweating on the face, palms, or underarms.
Choice B reason: Anxiety is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the low blood sugar affects the brain and nervous system. The client may feel nervous, restless, or fearful.
Choice C reason: Tachycardia is not a reliable symptom of hypoglycemia for this client, as he is taking metoprolol, a beta-blocker that lowers the heart rate. Metoprolol can mask the signs of hypoglycemia, such as palpitations, tremors, and increased heart rate.
Choice D reason: Impaired vision is not a reliable symptom of hypoglycemia for this client, as he is an older adult who may have other eye problems, such as cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration. Impaired vision can also be caused by other factors, such as fatigue, stress, or medication side effects.
Choice E reason: Confusion is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the low blood sugar affects the brain and cognitive function. The client may have difficulty thinking clearly, remembering things, or making decisions.
Choice F reason: Dizziness is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the low blood sugar affects the balance and coordination. The client may feel lightheaded, faint, or unsteady.
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