A nurse is contributing to the development of an in-service training about child maltreatment for a group of pediatric nurses. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for child maltreatment?

The infant was born large for gestational age.

The infant has otitis media

The infant is younger than 1 year of age.

The infant's guardians are both over the age of 30.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The infant was born large for gestational age: Being large for gestational age is not recognized as a risk factor for child maltreatment. Risk factors are more often related to family dynamics, age, and social stressors rather than birth weight alone.

B. The infant has otitis media: Otitis media, or a middle ear infection, is a common pediatric illness and is not itself a risk factor for maltreatment. It reflects normal childhood health issues rather than abuse or neglect.

C. The infant is younger than 1 year of age: Infants under 1 year are particularly vulnerable to maltreatment because of their total dependence on caregivers and inability to communicate effectively. This age group is at the highest risk for serious injury from abuse.

D. The infant's guardians are both over the age of 30: Parental age over 30 does not inherently increase the risk for child maltreatment. Other factors like substance abuse, history of being abused, and high stress levels are more closely linked to maltreatment risk.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Leg cramps: Leg cramps are a common and expected discomfort during the later stages of pregnancy. They usually result from changes in circulation, pressure from the growing uterus, or altered calcium and magnesium levels.

B. Blurred vision: Blurred vision is a concerning finding in pregnancy as it can be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious hypertensive disorder that poses risks to both the mother and fetus. It requires immediate evaluation by the provider.

C. Urinary frequency: Urinary frequency is a common symptom in late pregnancy due to the pressure of the enlarging uterus on the bladder. It is typically expected unless accompanied by signs of infection.

D. Gingivitis: Gingivitis can occur during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that affect gum tissue. While it should be managed with good oral hygiene, it is not an urgent concern requiring immediate reporting.

A. Epinephrine relaxes the bronchioles and counteracts the effect of histamine B. Epinephrine should be given along with a beta blocker. C. Epinephrine should be administered intranasally D. Epinephrine causes a decrease in blood pressure

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Epinephrine relaxes the bronchioles and counteracts the effect of histamine: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it rapidly relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, reducing airway constriction, and counteracts histamine's effects, which include vasodilation, edema, and hypotension. This helps restore breathing and circulation.

B. Epinephrine should be given along with a beta blocker: Administering epinephrine with a beta blocker is dangerous because beta blockers can reduce the effectiveness of epinephrine and may worsen bronchospasm. Beta blockers are not recommended during acute management of anaphylaxis.

C. Epinephrine should be administered intranasally: Epinephrine is typically administered intramuscularly (IM), usually into the thigh, during anaphylactic emergencies for rapid absorption. Intranasal administration is not effective for treating life-threatening systemic allergic reactions.

D. Epinephrine causes a decrease in blood pressure: Epinephrine actually increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction. This counters the dangerous hypotension that occurs during anaphylaxis, helping to stabilize cardiovascular function quickly.

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A nurse is contributing to the development of an in-service training about child maltreatment for a group of pediatric nurses. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for child maltreatment?

Nursing Test Bank

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