A nurse is counseling a teenage girl who has disclosed that she was sexually abused by her uncle when she was younger. The nurse should assess the girl for possible signs and symptoms of:

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Depression

Substance abuse

Eating disorders

All of the above

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Choice A Reason: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, such as sexual abuse. Symptoms of PTSD include re-experiencing the trauma through flashbacks, nightmares, or intrusive thoughts; avoiding reminders of the trauma; feeling numb or detached; and having increased arousal, such as being easily startled, irritable, or hypervigilant.

Choice B Reason: Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. Symptoms of depression include low mood, low self-esteem, guilt, worthlessness, fatigue, insomnia or hypersomnia, appetite changes, weight changes, difficulty concentrating, and suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

Choice C Reason: Substance abuse is the harmful use of alcohol, drugs, or other substances that impair one's physical or mental health or social functioning. Substance abuse can be a coping mechanism for some survivors of sexual abuse, as they may use substances to numb their pain, escape their reality, or self-medicate their symptoms.

Choice D Reason: Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that involve abnormal eating behaviors and attitudes toward food and body weight. Eating disorders can be triggered by sexual abuse, as survivors may develop distorted body image, low self-esteem, shame, guilt, or a sense of loss of control over their lives. Eating disorders can include anorexia nervosa (restricting food intake to achieve extreme thinness), bulimia nervosa (binging on large amounts of food and then purging through vomiting, laxatives, or exercise), binge eating disorder (binging on large amounts of food without purging), or other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) (having symptoms of an eating disorder that do not meet the full criteria for any specific diagnosis).

Choice E Reason: All of the above are possible signs and symptoms of sexual abuse in children and adolescents. However, not all survivors of sexual abuse will develop these conditions, and not all people with these conditions have experienced sexual abuse. Therefore, it is important to assess each individual case holistically and provide appropriate support and referrals as needed.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is D. Neglect is the failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, emotional, educational, or medical needs. Examples include inadequate food, clothing, shelter, supervision, affection, education, or health care for a child. A cluttered and dirty house, an empty refrigerator, and parental conflict are signs of neglect.

Choice A Reason: Physical abuse is the intentional use of physical force against a child that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in harm to the child’s health, survival, development, or dignity. Examples include hitting, kicking, shaking, burning, or poisoning a child. A cluttered and dirty house, an empty refrigerator, and parental conflict are not specific signs of physical abuse, although they may increase the risk of accidental injuries.

Choice B Reason: Sexual abuse is the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent. Examples include fondling, penetration, exposure to pornography, or prostitution of a child. A cluttered and dirty house, an empty refrigerator, and parental conflict are not signs of sexual abuse, although they may increase the vulnerability of the child to sexual exploitation.

Choice C Reason: Emotional or psychological abuse is the intentional or unintentional acts or omissions that cause or have a high probability of causing harm to a child’s emotional development or self-esteem. Examples include humiliation, threats, isolation, rejection, or belittling a child. A cluttered and dirty house, an empty refrigerator, and parental conflict are signs of emotional abuse, as they may create a stressful and chaotic environment for the child.

A. Sexual abuse can involve non-contact activities such as exposure to pornography. B. Emotional abuse can be unintentional due to parental stress or mental illness. C. Neglect can be classified into physical, emotional, educational, and medical subtypes. D. Physical abuse can only occur when there is an intention to harm the child. E. All types of maltreatment can have negative effects on the child's development and well-being.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Sexual abuse can involve non-contact activities such as exposure to pornography¹. This can be harmful to the child's sexual development and self-image.

Choice B Reason: Emotional abuse can be unintentional due to parental stress or mental illness¹. This does not excuse the behavior, but it may explain why some parents act in ways that hurt their children emotionally.

Choice C Reason: Neglect can be classified into physical, emotional, educational, and medical subtypes¹. Each subtype refers to the failure to provide for a specific aspect of the child's needs.

Choice D Reason: Physical abuse can occur even when there is no intention to harm the child³. For example, some parents may use excessive force or discipline methods that are inappropriate for the child's age or condition.

Choice E Reason: All types of maltreatment can have negative effects on the child's development and well-being¹. The effects may vary depending on the type, severity, frequency, duration, and context of the maltreatment.

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A nurse is counseling a teenage girl who has disclosed that she was sexually abused by her uncle when she was younger. The nurse should assess the girl for possible signs and symptoms of:

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A nurse is conducting a home visit for a family that has a history of child maltreatment. The nurse observes that the house is cluttered and dirty, the refrigerator is empty, and the parents are arguing loudly in front of their children. The nurse should document this as an example of:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is educating a group of parents about the types and signs of child maltreatment. The nurse asks the parents to select all that apply from the following statements:

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is educating a group of parents about the risk factors and consequences of child abuse and neglect. Which of the following statements by the parents indicate a need for further teaching? (Select all that apply.)

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