A nurse is discussing cardiovascular changes during pregnancy with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Blood pressure values 10% above pre-pregnancy values
Heart rate increases by 10 to 15 above pre-pregnancy values
Increased blood viscosity
Decreased cardiac workload
The Correct Answer is B
A. Blood pressure typically decreases slightly during the second trimester due to hormonal effects causing vasodilation, and it generally does not rise above pre-pregnancy levels in healthy pregnancies.
B. The heart rate increases by about 10 to 15 beats per minute to meet the increased oxygen demands of the growing fetus and placenta.
C. Blood viscosity does not increase during pregnancy; rather, the plasma volume expands significantly, leading to hemodilution and a decrease in blood viscosity.
D. Cardiac workload increases during pregnancy due to the expanded blood volume and increased cardiac output required to support maternal and fetal needs.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Possible signs of pregnancy are not a recognized classification in obstetrics; signs are categorized as presumptive, probable, or positive.
B. Feeling fetal movement, or quickening, is a presumptive sign of pregnancy because it is subjective and can be influenced by other factors, such as gastrointestinal activity or perception errors.
C. Probable signs are objective findings observed by a healthcare provider, such as a positive pregnancy test or uterine enlargement, not based on the woman's report.
D. Positive signs of pregnancy are definitive and include visualizing the fetus on ultrasound or hearing the fetal heartbeat through Doppler, neither of which relies on subjective feelings.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The umbilical cord typically contains two arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta and one vein that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. This arrangement supports effective nutrient and gas exchange during fetal development.
B. Two veins are not found in the umbilical cord; only one vein is present.
C. While one artery and one vein might be seen in abnormal conditions like single umbilical artery (SUA), this is not typical.
D. Two veins and one artery is incorrect as the typical structure includes two arteries and one vein.
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