A nurse is discussing cardiovascular changes during pregnancy with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Blood pressure values 10% above pre-pregnancy values
Heart rate increases by 10 to 15 above pre-pregnancy values
Increased blood viscosity
Decreased cardiac workload
The Correct Answer is B
A. Blood pressure typically decreases slightly during the second trimester due to hormonal effects causing vasodilation, and it generally does not rise above pre-pregnancy levels in healthy pregnancies.
B. The heart rate increases by about 10 to 15 beats per minute to meet the increased oxygen demands of the growing fetus and placenta.
C. Blood viscosity does not increase during pregnancy; rather, the plasma volume expands significantly, leading to hemodilution and a decrease in blood viscosity.
D. Cardiac workload increases during pregnancy due to the expanded blood volume and increased cardiac output required to support maternal and fetal needs.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Implantation of the zygote does not affect the determination of biological sex. The biological sex is already determined at the time of fertilization.
B. Sex chromosomes (XX for female and XY for male) determine biological sex. This combination is established at fertilization when the sperm and egg combine to form the zygote.
C. The foramen ovale is a hole in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs in utero and is unrelated to the determination of biological sex.
D. The blastocyst formation is an early developmental stage after fertilization but does not determine biological sex. It is the combination of sex chromosomes that determines whether the fetus is male or female.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blood pressure typically decreases slightly during the second trimester due to hormonal effects causing vasodilation, and it generally does not rise above pre-pregnancy levels in healthy pregnancies.
B. The heart rate increases by about 10 to 15 beats per minute to meet the increased oxygen demands of the growing fetus and placenta.
C. Blood viscosity does not increase during pregnancy; rather, the plasma volume expands significantly, leading to hemodilution and a decrease in blood viscosity.
D. Cardiac workload increases during pregnancy due to the expanded blood volume and increased cardiac output required to support maternal and fetal needs.
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