A nurse is discussing pertussis with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Prophylactic treatment is offered to those who have been in close contact with an infected child in the past 60 days.

Severe, prolonged episodes of coughing is a characteristic manifestation of this infection.

A painful, stiff neck is a common manifestation of this infection.

An antiviral medication is administered to treat this infection.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Prophylactic treatment is offered to those who have been in close contact with an infected child in the past 60 days. While prophylactic antibiotics (such as azithromycin) are recommended for close contacts of an infected person, the timeframe for exposure is within the past 21 days, not 60 days.

B. Severe, prolonged episodes of coughing is a characteristic manifestation of this infection. Pertussis (whooping cough) is marked by severe coughing fits followed by a "whooping" sound during inhalation. The cough is paroxysmal (sudden and violent), prolonged, and can lead to vomiting, exhaustion, or respiratory distress.

C. A painful, stiff neck is a common manifestation of this infection. A stiff neck (nuchal rigidity) is more commonly associated with meningitis, not pertussis. Pertussis primarily affects the respiratory system, causing a severe cough.

D. An antiviral medication is administered to treat this infection. Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, so it is treated with antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin, clarithromycin, or erythromycin), not antivirals.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Anencephaly affects male fetuses more than female fetuses." Anencephaly occurs more frequently in female fetuses than in males. Studies suggest a slightly higher prevalence in female infants, though the exact reason is unclear.

B. "Cancer during pregnancy is a risk factor for anencephaly." There is no known link between cancer during pregnancy and anencephaly. The primary risk factors include folic acid deficiency, maternal diabetes, and exposure to teratogens (e.g., certain medications, high temperatures, or environmental toxins).

C. "These defects occur in the embryonic stage of pregnancy." Anencephaly is a neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs during the embryonic stage, specifically between weeks 3 and 4 of gestation. During this period, the neural tube fails to close properly, leading to incomplete development of the brain and skull.

D. "Most newborns who have anencephaly survive 1 month." Anencephaly is almost always fatal, with most affected newborns dying within hours to days after birth. There is no cure, and long-term survival is extremely rare due to the severe brain malformation.

A. "Screening involves a combination of parent interviews, observations, and standardized developmental screening tools." B. "ASD can be definitively diagnosed with a simple blood test, so we will schedule one for your child." C. "The screening process for ASLs usually completed in one visit to the healthcare provider." D. "If your child makes eye contact with you we can rule out autism spectrum disorder."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Screening involves a combination of parent interviews, observations, and standardized developmental screening tools." The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is based on behavioral assessments, including parent-reported history, clinical observations, and standardized screening tools such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).

B. "ASD can be definitively diagnosed with a simple blood test, so we will schedule one for your child." There is no blood test or biomarker that can diagnose ASD. Diagnosis is based on behavioral and developmental criteria rather than laboratory tests.

C. "The screening process for ASD is usually completed in one visit to the healthcare provider." ASD screening and diagnosis require multiple evaluations over time, often involving developmental specialists, psychologists, and speech therapists to get a comprehensive understanding of the child’s behaviors.

D. "If your child makes eye contact with you, we can rule out autism spectrum disorder." While reduced eye contact is a common characteristic of ASD, some children with ASD do make eye contact, and the presence or absence of this behavior alone does not confirm or rule out the disorder.

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A nurse is discussing pertussis with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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