A nurse is educating a client with a history of pulmonary embolism on lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of recurrence. Which of the following recommendations is appropriate?

A) Incorrect. Surgery does increase the risk of pulmonary embolism, especially when accompanied by immobility.

B) Correct. Prolonged immobility, birth control pills, and obesity are known risk factors for post-surgery pulmonary embolism.

C) Incorrect. While smoking and caffeine intake can impact lung health, they are not the primary risk factors for post-surgery pulmonary embolism.

D) Incorrect. While a family history of clotting disorders can contribute to the risk, it is not a common risk factor discussed in the context of post-surgery pulmonary embolism.

A) Correct. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is often used as an initial screening tool for pulmonary embolism, as it provides detailed images of the pulmonary arteries.

B) Incorrect. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used in some cases but is less commonly employed as an initial screening tool for pulmonary embolism.

C) Incorrect. Chest X-ray is typically not sensitive enough to diagnose pulmonary embolism directly but may show other related findings, such as an enlarged heart or lung abnormalities.

D) Incorrect. Electrocardiogram (ECG) may help identify signs of right heart strain or dysfunction caused by a pulmonary embolism but is not a primary diagnostic tool for detecting emboli in the pulmonary arteries.