A nurse is educating a group of clients about the risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI). Which risk factor is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for MI?
Smoking.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Diabetes mellitus.
Family history of MI.
The Correct Answer is D
A) This choice is incorrect because smoking is a modifiable risk factor for MI. Cessation of smoking can significantly reduce the risk of developing MI and other cardiovascular diseases.
B) This choice is incorrect because a sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor for MI. Engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of MI.
C) This choice is incorrect because diabetes mellitus is a modifiable risk factor for MI. Managing diabetes through lifestyle changes, medications, and blood sugar control can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, including MI.
D) This choice is correct. A family history of MI is a non-modifiable risk factor because it is based on genetic factors that cannot be changed through lifestyle modifications. Having a close relative with a history of MI increases an individual's risk of developing MI, but it cannot be altered or eliminated through lifestyle changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) This choice is correct. Measuring troponin levels in the blood is a common initial diagnostic test for evaluating suspected angina pectoris or myocardial infarction (MI). Troponins are specific markers released into the bloodstream when there is cardiac muscle damage, and elevated troponin levels indicate myocardial injury.
B) This choice is incorrect because a stress test is used to assess the heart's response to increased demand and is typically performed after the initial evaluation, such as measuring troponin levels, to confirm the presence of angina or MI.
C) This choice is incorrect because coronary angiography is an invasive procedure used to visualize the coronary arteries and assess for blockages. It is not typically the initial diagnostic test for angina pectoris or MI.
D) This choice is incorrect because cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure used to measure pressures within the heart and evaluate coronary artery blockages. It is not typically the initial diagnostic test for angina pectoris or MI.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) This choice is incorrect because myoglobin is a cardiac biomarker that may be elevated in MI, but it lacks specificity and can also be elevated in other conditions like skeletal muscle injury.
B) This choice is incorrect because C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker and is not specific to MI. It may be elevated in various inflammatory conditions.
C) This choice is incorrect because brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a biomarker associated with heart failure and is not specific to diagnosing MI.
D) This choice is correct. Troponin is the most specific biomarker for diagnosing MI. Elevated troponin levels in the blood indicate cardiac muscle damage, making it a reliable marker for myocardial infarction. Troponin levels rise shortly after the onset of MI and remain elevated for several days, making it valuable in both early and delayed MI detection.
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