A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results.
The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?
Liver cancer.
Breast cancer.
Colon cancer.
Prostatic cancer.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Liver cancer is not associated with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. PSA is a protein produced primarily by prostate cells, and its elevation is typically linked to prostate-related conditions rather than liver disorders.
Choice B rationale
Breast cancer is not associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is specific to prostate cells, which are not present in breast tissue. Therefore, PSA is not a marker used in diagnosing or monitoring breast cancer.
Choice C rationale
Colon cancer is not linked to elevated PSA levels. PSA is not a biomarker for colon cancer, as it is specific to the prostate gland. Other markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), are more relevant for colon cancer.
Choice D rationale
Prostatic cancer is associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is produced by prostate cells, and elevated levels can indicate prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or inflammation of the prostate.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is []
Explanation
Rationale for correct condition: Mucositis is a common side effect of chemotherapy that causes inflammation and soreness in the mouth. The client reports mouth soreness and dry mucous membranes, consistent with mucositis. The presence of mild erythema on the oral mucosa also supports this diagnosis. Chemotherapy drugs such as vincristine and anthracycline are known to cause mucositis. Addressing mucositis early is crucial for maintaining the client’s nutrition and hydration.
Rationale for actions: Providing a soft sponge toothbrush helps maintain oral hygiene without causing further irritation. Maintaining the client’s diet ensures adequate nutrition, which is essential for healing mucositis. Pad the siderails of the bed is unnecessary in this scenario, as there's no indication of seizure risk. Requesting an antiemetic is irrelevant since the client has no significant nausea or vomiting.
Rationale for parameters: Monitoring weight loss helps assess the client’s nutritional status and the effectiveness of dietary interventions. Tracking intake and output ensures the client is adequately hydrated and that oral intake is sufficient. Edema monitoring is unnecessary, as there's no sign of fluid retention. Steatorrhea is not relevant in this context, as there's no indication of fat malabsorption.
Rationale for incorrect conditions: Diarrhea is not indicated as the client’s primary complaint is mouth soreness, not gastrointestinal upset. Angioedema is characterized by swelling and is not observed in the client. Seizures are not relevant here, as the client shows no neurological signs suggestive of seizure activity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing a low-carbohydrate diet is not appropriate for a client in Addisonian crisis. Addisonian crisis requires immediate treatment with corticosteroids, not dietary changes.
Choice B rationale
Weighing the client daily is important for monitoring fluid balance, but it is not the primary action during an Addisonian crisis. The priority is to correct the hormonal imbalance.
Choice C rationale
Administering oral corticosteroids is crucial for treating Addisonian crisis. It helps replace the deficient adrenal hormones and manage the crisis effectively.
Choice D rationale
Restricting fluid intake is not recommended during an Addisonian crisis. Clients in crisis may need fluid replacement to manage dehydration and hypotension.
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