A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results.

The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Liver cancer.

Breast cancer.

Colon cancer.

Prostatic cancer.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Liver cancer is not associated with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. PSA is a protein produced primarily by prostate cells, and its elevation is typically linked to prostate-related conditions rather than liver disorders.
Choice B rationale
Breast cancer is not associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is specific to prostate cells, which are not present in breast tissue. Therefore, PSA is not a marker used in diagnosing or monitoring breast cancer.
Choice C rationale
Colon cancer is not linked to elevated PSA levels. PSA is not a biomarker for colon cancer, as it is specific to the prostate gland. Other markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), are more relevant for colon cancer.
Choice D rationale
Prostatic cancer is associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is produced by prostate cells, and elevated levels can indicate prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or inflammation of the prostate.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
The client's complete blood count does not specifically indicate an increased risk for bleeding. Platelet levels would need to be evaluated for bleeding risk.
Choice B rationale
Erythropoiesis stimulating agents are used for anemia but are not indicated based on the provided CBC.
Choice C rationale
The client is at increased risk of infection due to low white blood cell count (leukopenia), which indicates immunosuppression.
Choice D rationale
While a high-protein diet is beneficial during cancer treatment, the CBC results highlight an infection risk as the primary concern.

A. Restrict foods containing potassium. B. Give sodium polystyrene sulfonate for hypokalemia. C. Keep urine pH below 7.0. D. Restrict all oral fluids.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Restricting foods containing potassium helps prevent hyperkalemia, a common metabolic imbalance in tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) due to the rapid release of intracellular potassium from lysed tumor cells.
Choice B rationale
Giving sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia. It works by binding potassium in the gut and helping excrete it from the body, but it is not a preventive measure for metabolic imbalances in TLS.
Choice C rationale
Keeping urine pH below 7.0 is not recommended for TLS. Alkalinizing the urine to a pH above 7.0 helps prevent uric acid crystallization and renal damage, which is crucial in managing TLS.
Choice D rationale
Restricting all oral fluids is not advisable for TLS. Adequate hydration is essential to support kidney function and enhance the excretion of electrolytes and uric acid, which helps prevent and manage TLS.

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results.

The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?