A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results.

The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Liver cancer.

Breast cancer.

Colon cancer.

Prostatic cancer.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Liver cancer is not associated with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. PSA is a protein produced primarily by prostate cells, and its elevation is typically linked to prostate-related conditions rather than liver disorders.
Choice B rationale
Breast cancer is not associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is specific to prostate cells, which are not present in breast tissue. Therefore, PSA is not a marker used in diagnosing or monitoring breast cancer.
Choice C rationale
Colon cancer is not linked to elevated PSA levels. PSA is not a biomarker for colon cancer, as it is specific to the prostate gland. Other markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), are more relevant for colon cancer.
Choice D rationale
Prostatic cancer is associated with elevated PSA levels. PSA is produced by prostate cells, and elevated levels can indicate prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or inflammation of the prostate.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Metoclopramide does not work by decreasing gastric acid secretions. It is not classified as an antacid or acid suppressant.
Choice B rationale
Metoclopramide does not relieve nausea by slowing peristalsis. In fact, it increases peristalsis, which helps move contents through the gastrointestinal tract more quickly.
Choice C rationale
Metoclopramide does not work by relaxing gastric muscles. Instead, it enhances the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice D rationale
Metoclopramide relieves nausea by promoting gastric emptying. It increases the movement of the stomach and intestines, which helps reduce feelings of nausea and vomiting.

A. Encourage the client to drink cool water or sports drinks. B. Administer acetaminophen 650 mg orally. C. Start an intravenous line and infuse 0.9% saline solution. D. Encourage rest and reassess in 15 minutes.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Encouraging the client to drink cool water or sports drinks is appropriate for mild dehydration or heat exhaustion but not sufficient for severe heat-related illness like heat stroke, where immediate medical intervention is needed.
Choice B rationale
Administering acetaminophen 650 mg orally can help reduce fever, but it does not address the underlying issue of hyperthermia and will not provide immediate cooling needed in this emergency.
Choice C rationale
Starting an intravenous line and infusing 0.9% saline solution helps rapidly replace fluids lost through sweating and can stabilize the client's condition by rehydrating and cooling them effectively.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging rest and reassessing in 15 minutes would delay necessary medical treatment in a situation where immediate action is critical due to the severity of the client's symptoms.

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results. The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has nausea and a prescription for metoclopramide intermittent IV bolus every 4 hours as needed. The client asks the nurse how metoclopramide will relieve her nausea. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

On a hot humid day, a nurse is caring for a client who is confused and presents with these vital signs: temperature 104.1°F (40.1°C), pulse 132 beats/min, respirations 26 breaths/min, and blood pressure 106/66 mmHg. What action would the nurse take to provide immediate appropriate care?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is evaluating a client's laboratory results.

The nurse should recognize that an increase in the client's prostate specific antigen (PSA) laboratory value is indicative of which of the following diagnoses?