A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of play and distraction techniques for a child who is undergoing a medical procedure. Which of the following tools and methods can the nurse use to measure the outcomes of play and distraction techniques? (Select all that apply.)

Self-report scales that assess the child's pain intensity, anxiety level, or satisfaction with the technique.

Behavioral observation scales that measure the child's facial expressions, body movements, or vocalizations during the procedure.

Physiological indicators that monitor the child's heart rate, blood pressure, or oxygen saturation before, during, and after the procedure.

Qualitative feedback that collects the child's comments, feelings, or suggestions about the technique.

Quantitative data that analyzes the child's length of stay, medication use, or complication rate after the procedure.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Choice A reason: This is correct. Self-report scales are valid and reliable measures that assess the child's pain intensity, anxiety level, or satisfaction with the technique, such as the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale¹, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children², or the Child Satisfaction with Play Technique Scale³.

Choice B reason: This is correct. Behavioral observation scales are objective and standardized measures that observe the child's facial expressions, body movements, or vocalizations during the procedure, such as the FLACC Scale, the Child Facial Coding System, or the Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist.

Choice C reason: This is correct. Physiological indicators are accurate and sensitive measures that monitor the child's heart rate, blood pressure, or oxygen saturation before, during, and after the procedure using devices such as a pulse oximeter, a sphygmomanometer, or an electrocardiogram.

Choice D reason: This is correct. Qualitative feedback is an in-depth and rich source of information that collects the child's comments, feelings, or suggestions about the technique using methods such as interviews, focus groups, or open-ended questions.

Choice E reason: This is correct. Quantitative data is a numerical and statistical source of information that analyzes the child's length of stay,

medication use, or complication rate after the procedure using methods such as charts, records, or databases.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: This type of play would be appropriate for this purpose, as it helps support the child's physical development and coordination, especially for infants and toddlers who are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

Choice B reason: This type of play would be appropriate for this purpose, as it helps support the child's cognitive and emotional development, especially for preschoolers who are in the preoperational stage of cognitive development and use symbolic play to represent their thoughts and feelings.

Choice C reason: This type of play would not be appropriate for this purpose, as it is more suitable for older children who are in the concrete operational or formal operational stages of cognitive development and can understand and follow rules and logic. Games with rules may also be too competitive or stressful for a child who is undergoing chemotherapy.

Choice D reason: This type of play would be appropriate for this purpose, as it helps support the child's social and moral development, especially for school-age children who are in the conventional stage of moral development and value social interactions and norms.

Choice E reason: This type of play would be appropriate for this purpose, as it helps support the child's self-esteem and coping skills, especially for adolescents who are in the postconventional stage of moral development and value individuality and autonomy. Solitary play may also provide a sense of relaxation and distraction for a child who is undergoing chemotherapy.

A. "This will only hurt for a second, and then it will be over." B. "Do you want to watch a video of your favorite cartoon on my tablet?" C. "Can you tell me the names of all the animals on this poster?" D. "Why are you so scared? It's not a big deal."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Telling the child that the injection will hurt can increase their fear and anticipation of pain, and may also damage the trust between the nurse and the child.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Offering the child to watch a video on a tablet may not be effective as a distraction technique, as the child may still be aware of the procedure and may not be able to focus on the video.

Choice C reason: This is correct. Asking the child to name the animals on a poster is an example of a distraction technique that can divert the child's attention from the procedure and reduce their anxiety and pain.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Criticizing or minimizing the child's feelings can make them feel ashamed or guilty, and may also worsen their emotional distress.

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A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of play and distraction techniques for a child who is undergoing a medical procedure. Which of the following tools and methods can the nurse use to measure the outcomes of play and distraction techniques? (Select all that apply.)

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Explanation

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