A nurse is examining a patient who reports burning on urination and a low-grade fever. On physical examination, the nurse notes constant right-sided costovertebral tenderness. Based on this presentation, what is most likely the cause of these signs and symptoms (S&S)?

Prostate cancer.

Ureteral lithiasis.

Primary syphilis.

Pyelonephritis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Prostate cancer is unlikely to cause burning on urination or costovertebral tenderness; it usually presents with urinary obstruction symptoms or systemic effects.

B. Ureteral lithiasis may cause burning on urination but is more typically associated with flank pain rather than constant costovertebral tenderness.

C. Primary syphilis does not typically present with urinary symptoms or costovertebral tenderness.

D. Pyelonephritis, an infection of the kidney, commonly presents with burning on urination, fever, and costovertebral angle tenderness, indicating inflammation and infection of the renal pelvis and kidneys.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bleeding in the brain could cause neurological symptoms but does not directly correlate with the respiratory acidosis indicated by the ABGs.

B. Anxiety typically leads to respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation, which does not align with the results showing acidemia.

C. The ABG results indicate a primary respiratory acidosis (low pH and elevated PCO2), which can occur in kidney failure due to the kidneys' inability to excrete acids and manage bicarbonate, leading to an accumulation of CO2.

D. Extreme vomiting is associated with metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric acid, which does not explain the acid-base disturbance presented.

A. "Abnormal tissue outside the pelvic cavity causes inflammation and scarring of the reproductive tract." B. "Scar tissue in the pelvic region, called adhesions, are causing a stricture of the urethra." C. "Retrograde menstruation caused a neoplastic condition of the ovaries." D. "An untreated bacterial infection of the reproductive tract is the cause of your infertility."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Endometriosis involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing inflammation, scarring, and adhesions that may obstruct reproductive pathways, leading to infertility.

B. Endometriosis typically does not cause urethral strictures; adhesions affect the reproductive tract, not the urinary system.

C. While retrograde menstruation is a theory for endometriosis development, it does not directly lead to a neoplastic (cancerous) condition of the ovaries.

D. Endometriosis is not caused by an untreated bacterial infection; rather, it is a condition of abnormal endometrial tissue growth.

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A nurse is examining a patient who reports burning on urination and a low-grade fever. On physical examination, the nurse notes constant right-sided costovertebral tenderness. Based on this presentation, what is most likely the cause of these signs and symptoms (S&S)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

ABGs are drawn on a patient. The results are: pH = 7.30. PCO2 = 50, PO2 = 80. HCO3 = 25. What mechanism might cause this disturbance?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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