A nurse is examining a patient who reports burning on urination and a low-grade fever. On physical examination, the nurse notes constant right-sided costovertebral tenderness. Based on this presentation, what is most likely the cause of these signs and symptoms (S&S)?

Prostate cancer.

Ureteral lithiasis.

Primary syphilis.

Pyelonephritis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Prostate cancer is unlikely to cause burning on urination or costovertebral tenderness; it usually presents with urinary obstruction symptoms or systemic effects.

B. Ureteral lithiasis may cause burning on urination but is more typically associated with flank pain rather than constant costovertebral tenderness.

C. Primary syphilis does not typically present with urinary symptoms or costovertebral tenderness.

D. Pyelonephritis, an infection of the kidney, commonly presents with burning on urination, fever, and costovertebral angle tenderness, indicating inflammation and infection of the renal pelvis and kidneys.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.

B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.

C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.

D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.

A. "Abnormal tissue outside the pelvic cavity causes inflammation and scarring of the reproductive tract." B. "Scar tissue in the pelvic region, called adhesions, are causing a stricture of the urethra." C. "Retrograde menstruation caused a neoplastic condition of the ovaries." D. "An untreated bacterial infection of the reproductive tract is the cause of your infertility."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Endometriosis involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing inflammation, scarring, and adhesions that may obstruct reproductive pathways, leading to infertility.

B. Endometriosis typically does not cause urethral strictures; adhesions affect the reproductive tract, not the urinary system.

C. While retrograde menstruation is a theory for endometriosis development, it does not directly lead to a neoplastic (cancerous) condition of the ovaries.

D. Endometriosis is not caused by an untreated bacterial infection; rather, it is a condition of abnormal endometrial tissue growth.

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A nurse is examining a patient who reports burning on urination and a low-grade fever. On physical examination, the nurse notes constant right-sided costovertebral tenderness. Based on this presentation, what is most likely the cause of these signs and symptoms (S&S)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A woman is upset because of issues with infertility. While talking with the nurse practitioner, she attempts to understand how endometriosis can cause infertility. Which response, by the nurse, indicates an understanding of this condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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