A patient states that he is "not peeing nearly as much as usual, even though I am drinking my usual amount of fluids." He voids a small amount of urine to submit for a urinalysis (UA). The specific gravity on the UA is 1.000. The patient’s normal range for urine specific gravity is 1.002 to 1.028.

is dehydrated; the body is compensating by "hanging onto water."

has an acute kidney injury; the specific gravity indicates very concentrated urine.

is developing renal tissue impairment; the kidney is not able to concentrate urine.

has testicular cancer; the specific gravity indicates an undescended testis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates very dilute urine, not concentrated. This would not be typical of dehydration, where urine would be concentrated with a high specific gravity.

B. Acute kidney injury (AKI) typically results in more concentrated urine due to retained waste products; therefore, specific gravity would likely be higher, not at the minimum level of 1.000.

C. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates the kidney’s inability to concentrate urine, often seen in renal impairment where kidney function is compromised, leading to very dilute urine.

D. Specific gravity is unrelated to testicular cancer or an undescended testis, as it measures kidney concentration ability rather than reproductive health.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While varicose veins can be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which in turn can lead to a PE, they are not an acute symptom of a PE.

B. Thick green sputum is more indicative of a respiratory infection, such as pneumonia, rather than a pulmonary embolus.

C. Hypertension can be seen in various conditions but is not a primary indicator of PE.

D. Sudden dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is a classic sign of a pulmonary embolus, as the clot obstructs blood flow to the lungs, leading to respiratory distress.

A. nosocomial pneumonia; lung tissue atelectasis B. lung tissue atelectasis; community-acquired pneumonia C. pulmonary edema; right heart failure D. pulmonary edema; left heart failure

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia is common in post-surgical patients, particularly those with atelectasis, as diminished ventilation can lead to infection. The green sputum and fever are signs of infection.

B. Lung tissue atelectasis may predispose a patient to pneumonia, but community-acquired pneumonia is less likely in a hospitalized patient, and the green sputum is more indicative of nosocomial infection.

C. Pulmonary edema is associated with fluid in the lungs but does not typically cause green sputum or elevated temperature, which suggest infection.

D. Left heart failure may lead to pulmonary edema but is not associated with green sputum or fever.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse suspects that her patient has developed a pulmonary embolus (PE). Which assessment finding would lead to this nursing judgment?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is listening to the lungs of a hospitalized post-surgical patient and notes diminished breath sounds in the right lower lobe. The patient has an elevated temperature and green sputum. These findings could indicate _____ because of _____.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A woman is upset because of issues with infertility. While talking with the nurse practitioner, she attempts to understand how endometriosis can cause infertility. Which response, by the nurse, indicates an understanding of this condition?

ABGs are drawn on a patient. The results are: pH = 7.30. PCO2 = 50, PO2 = 80. HCO3 = 25. What mechanism might cause this disturbance?

A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _____ and requests a _____.

Which one statement is true? VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

A week after recovering from strep throat, a child is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis in this context usually includes: