Following a myocardial infarction (MI) of the left ventricle, a patient develops left heart failure (LHF). Findings commonly associated with LHF include

low preload.

pleural effusion.

peripheral edema.

pulmonary edema.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Preload is typically increased in LHF, as blood backs up in the left side of the heart.

B. Although pleural effusion can occur as a secondary complication in some cases of heart failure, it is not as directly indicative of LHF as pulmonary edema.

C. Peripheral edema is more characteristic of right heart failure, where blood backs up in the systemic circulation.

D. Pulmonary edema is a hallmark finding in left heart failure as the left ventricle fails to pump effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs due to back pressure from the left atrium into the pulmonary veins.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.

B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.

C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.

D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.

A. activation of the clotting cascade after plaque rupture. B. the development of arteriogenesis, which is indicative of acute coronary syndromes. C. obstruction of a coronary vein and consequent death to the myocardium. D. infiltrations of high-density lipoproteins into the arterial wall, causing the artery to rupture.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Plaque rupture in coronary artery disease can expose the underlying tissue, leading to activation of the clotting cascade and thrombus formation. This can cause sudden worsening of symptoms due to reduced or obstructed blood flow in the coronary artery.

B. Arteriogenesis refers to the development of collateral arteries over time, which is a slow, compensatory process rather than an acute event leading to worsening symptoms.

C. Coronary veins are not typically obstructed in CAD; instead, coronary arteries are affected, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium.

D. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as "good cholesterol" and help clear arterial plaques, so they do not contribute to arterial rupture.

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Following a myocardial infarction (MI) of the left ventricle, a patient develops left heart failure (LHF). Findings commonly associated with LHF include

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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