A nurse is explaining advance care directives, or “living wills,” to a client and the client’s spouse. Which detail would the nurse include in the description of an advance care directive?

The document tells what treatment is to be omitted or provided if the client is unable to make the decision.

A client is required to sign the “living will” document with an attorney present.

An attorney draws up the papers to be given to the client and his or her family.

The client’s physician must act as a witness when the client signs the document.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is A.
Choice A reason:
An advance care directive, or “living will,” is a legal document that specifies what medical treatments the client wishes to receive or omit if they become unable to make decisions for themselves. This document guides healthcare providers and family members in making decisions that align with the client’s preferences.
Choice B reason:
A client is not required to sign the “living will” document with an attorney present. While it is advisable to consult with an attorney when creating legal documents, it is not a requirement for the validity of an advance care directive.
Choice C reason:
An attorney may assist in drafting the advance care directive, but it is not necessary for the attorney to draw up the papers. The client can create the document with the help of healthcare providers or legal advisors.
Choice D reason:
The client’s physician does not need to act as a witness when the client signs the document. Typically, witnesses are required to ensure the document is signed voluntarily and without coercion, but they do not have to be the client’s physician.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
A predictable social environment is important for providing stability and security, which can contribute to a client’s overall well-being. However, according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as food and water must be met before higher-level needs like social stability can be addressed. Therefore, while important, a predictable social environment is not the immediate priority.
Choice B reason:
Adequate food is a fundamental physiological need according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and must be satisfied before an individual can focus on higher-level needs such as safety, love, and self-esteem. Ensuring that the client has adequate food is essential for their survival and overall health, making it the top priority in the plan of care.
Choice C reason:
A positive self-image is associated with self-esteem needs, which are higher up in Maslow’s hierarchy. While fostering a positive self-image is important for a client’s mental health and well-being, it cannot be effectively addressed until basic physiological needs are met. Therefore, it is not the immediate priority in the plan of care.
Choice D reason:
Acceptance from family relates to the need for love and belonging, which is also higher up in Maslow’s hierarchy. While family acceptance is crucial for emotional support and social well-being, it is not as immediate a priority as ensuring that the client’s basic physiological needs, such as adequate food, are met first.

A. Recent marriage B. Age greater than 55 C. Bachelor’s degree D. Male gender E. Diagnosis of schizophrenia

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Recent marriage is generally considered a protective factor against suicide rather than a risk factor. Marriage can provide emotional support and stability, which can reduce the risk of suicidal behavior. However, the quality of the relationship and other individual factors should also be considered.
Choice B reason:
Age greater than 55 is a recognized risk factor for suicide, particularly among men. Older adults may face multiple stressors such as chronic illness, loss of loved ones, and social isolation, which can increase the risk of suicide. It is important to monitor and support older adults who may be at risk.
Choice C reason:
Having a bachelor’s degree is not typically associated with an increased risk of suicide. In fact, higher educational attainment is often linked to better mental health outcomes and access to resources. However, individual circumstances and stressors should always be considered.
Choice D reason:
Male gender is a significant risk factor for suicide. Men are more likely to die by suicide compared to women, although women may attempt suicide more frequently. This gender disparity is attributed to various factors, including the methods used and societal expectations around expressing emotions.
Choice E reason:
A diagnosis of schizophrenia is a known risk factor for suicide. Individuals with schizophrenia may experience severe symptoms, including delusions and hallucinations, which can contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. It is crucial to provide comprehensive care and support to individuals with this diagnosis to mitigate the risk of suicide.

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A nurse is explaining advance care directives, or “living wills,” to a client and the client’s spouse. Which detail would the nurse include in the description of an advance care directive?

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