A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure to a client. Which of the following statements accurately describes a key aspect of the disease process?
"Chronic renal failure is characterized by a sudden and rapid loss of kidney function."
"The primary cause of chronic renal failure is acute bacterial infections of the urinary tract."
"In chronic renal failure, there is a progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function over time."
"Chronic renal failure results from temporary stress on the kidneys that can be fully reversed with treatment."
The Correct Answer is C
A) Incorrect. Chronic renal failure is characterized by a gradual and progressive loss of kidney function, not a sudden and rapid decline.
B) Incorrect. While infections can lead to kidney damage, they are not the primary cause of chronic renal failure.
C) Correct. Chronic renal failure is marked by a slow, continuous decline in kidney function that is typically irreversible.
D) Incorrect. Chronic renal failure is not a result of temporary stress on the kidneys; it is a chronic condition with irreversible kidney damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Correct. Touching the dialysis catheter site increases the risk of infection, and clients receiving peritoneal dialysis must practice meticulous catheter care to minimize this risk.
B) Incorrect. While daily weight monitoring is essential for clients on peritoneal dialysis, it is not specifically related to peritoneal dialysis care.
C) Incorrect. Peritoneal dialysis is a home-based treatment, and the client performs the dialysis exchanges themselves. There is no need for frequent visits to the dialysis center.
D) Incorrect. Pain medication is not typically needed before starting a peritoneal dialysis exchange, as the procedure itself is not painful. Proper technique and sterile care are the main focus of peritoneal dialysis education.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Correct. Increased blood pressure readings can be an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload in clients with chronic renal failure. Fluid retention can lead to hypertension as the kidneys struggle to excrete excess fluids.
B) Incorrect. Hyperkalemia may occur in chronic renal failure, but it is not an early clinical manifestation of fluid overload.
C) Incorrect. Dry and cracked skin is more commonly associated with dehydration rather than fluid overload.
D) Incorrect. Polyuria is not typically associated with fluid overload. Instead, it may be present in early stages of chronic renal failure due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine properly.
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