A nurse is explaining the role of insulin in glucose metabolism to a pregnant woman who has gestational diabetes.

The nurse should tell the woman that insulin is a hormone that does which of the following?

It converts glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles.

It breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and water for excretion in the urine and lungs

It transports glucose from the bloodstream into the cells for energy production

It stimulates glucose synthesis from amino acids and fatty acids in the liver.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer is

C. It transports glucose from the bloodstream into the cells for energy production.

Insulin is a hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It promotes the absorption of glucose from the blood into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen or fat. It also inhibits glucose production and secretion by the liver and stimulates lipogenesis and protein synthesis. Insulin is essential for cell metabolism and low insulin levels can cause catabolism of body fat.

A. It converts glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles.

This statement is partially true, but not the main role of insulin.

Insulin does stimulate the formation of glycogen from glucose in the liver and muscles, but this is not its primary function. Glycogen is a form of stored glucose that can be mobilized when blood glucose levels are low. Insulin also inhibits the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) and the synthesis of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids (gluconeogenesis) in the liver.

B. It breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and water for excretion in the urine and lungs.

This statement is false.

Insulin does not break down glucose, but rather facilitates its uptake by cells.

Glucose is broken down by a process called glycolysis, which produces pyruvate and ATP (energy).

Pyruvate can then enter the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain to produce more ATP, carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs and water is excreted by the kidneys.

Insulin has no direct role in these processes.

D. It stimulates glucose synthesis from amino acids and fatty acids in the liver.

This statement is false.

Insulin does not stimulate glucose synthesis, but rather inhibits it.

Glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and fatty acids, is called gluconeogenesis.

This process occurs mainly in the liver and is stimulated by glucagon, a hormone that opposes insulin. Gluconeogenesis helps to maintain blood glucose levels when dietary intake or glycogen stores are low. Insulin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the enzymes involved in this pathway.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is choice D. Seizures.This intervention is necessary to prevent seizures because hypoglycemia can cause brain injury and neurologic impairment in newborns.Seizures are one of the most common signs of hypoglycemia in newborns.

Choice A is wrong because respiratory distress syndrome is caused by a lack of surfactant in the lungs, not by hypoglycemia.

Choice B is wrong because necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory condition of the intestines that affects premature or sick infants, not by hypoglycemia.

Choice C is wrong because intraventricular hemorrhage is a bleeding into the brain ventricles that occurs mainly in very low birth weight infants, not by hypoglycemia.

A. Wash her hands with soap and water before testing B. Prick the side of her fingertip with a lancet C. Apply gentle pressure to the puncture site until a drop of blood forms D. All of the above

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse should tell the woman to wash her hands with soap and water before testing, prick the side of her fingertip with a lancet, and apply gentle pressure to the puncture site until a drop of blood forms.These steps are necessary to ensure a clean and adequate blood sample for the glucose meter.

Choice A is wrong because washing hands with soap and water is not enough.The woman should also dry her hands thoroughly to avoid diluting the blood sample.

Choice B is wrong because pricking the side of the fingertip with a lancet is not enough.The woman should also avoid squeezing the finger too hard, as this can affect the accuracy of the result.

Choice C is wrong because applying gentle pressure to the puncture site until a drop of blood forms is not enough.The woman should also wipe away the first drop of blood with a clean tissue and use the second drop for testing.

Normal ranges for blood glucose levels during pregnancy are 60 to 105 mg/dL before meals and less than 120 mg/dL one hour after meals.

The woman should report any abnormal readings to her health care provider.

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A nurse is explaining the role of insulin in glucose metabolism to a pregnant woman who has gestational diabetes. The nurse should tell the woman that insulin is a hormone that does which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer intravenous glucose to a newborn whose mother has gestational diabetes and who has hypoglycemia. The nurse should recognize that this intervention is necessary to prevent which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is explaining the role of insulin in glucose metabolism to a pregnant woman who has gestational diabetes.

The nurse should tell the woman that insulin is a hormone that does which of the following?