A nurse is performing an assessment on a client who has been taking verapamil as prescribed for two months. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as adverse effects of this medication? (Select all that apply.)
Peripheral edema.
Bradycardia.
Constipation.
Reports of blurred vision.
Reports of insomnia.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A rationale
Peripheral edema is a common adverse effect of verapamil. It occurs due to the vasodilatory effects of the medication, which can cause fluid retention in the extremities.
Choice B rationale
Bradycardia is an adverse effect of verapamil. It occurs because verapamil slows down the heart rate by blocking calcium channels in the heart.
Choice C rationale
Constipation is a common adverse effect of verapamil. It occurs due to the medication’s effect on smooth muscle relaxation, which can slow down gastrointestinal motility.
Choice D rationale
Reports of blurred vision are not a common adverse effect of verapamil. Blurred vision is not typically associated with this medication.
Choice E rationale
Reports of insomnia are not a common adverse effect of verapamil. Insomnia is not typically associated with this medication.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Hypercalcemia typically stems from hyperparathyroidism or bone malignancy; it is not a primary complication of acute gastrointestinal fluid loss from vomiting or diarrhea.
Choice B rationale: Hypertension is unlikely in this scenario; significant fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea more commonly leads to hypovolemia, resulting in decreased blood pressure or hypotension.
Choice C rationale: Hypokalemia occurs because gastric contents and intestinal fluids are rich in potassium; excessive loss through vomiting and diarrhea directly depletes serum potassium levels, causing cardiac and muscular symptoms.
Choice D rationale: Hypernatremia can occur with dehydration, but in secretory diarrhea, sodium and water are often lost together, making the clinical focus on potassium replacement more urgent for cardiac stability.
Choice E rationale: Hypoglycemia is not the primary risk here; while oral intake may be low, the body's stress response to illness typically maintains or elevates blood glucose through gluconeogenesis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression. It binds to opioid receptors and displaces the opioid molecules, reversing their effects.
Choice B rationale
Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative used to treat constipation. It does not have any effect on opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Choice C rationale
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines, not opioids. It is not effective in treating opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Choice D rationale
Pentazocine is an opioid agonist-antagonist used for pain relief. It does not reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression and can potentially worsen the condition.
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