A nurse is performing hand hygiene after caring for a client who has Clostridium difficile. Which of the following cleansing agents should the nurse use?

A. "My attorney will need to notarize the document."

This statement indicates a misunderstanding of advance directives. Notarization by an attorney is not a requirement for advance directives. While legal advice may be helpful in completing advance directive documents, notarization by an attorney is not necessary for their validity.

B. "I have to choose a member of my family to be my health care surrogate."

This statement is incorrect. While a family member can serve as a health care surrogate if chosen by the individual, there is no requirement to select a family member. The individual can choose any competent adult to act as their health care surrogate, regardless of familial relationship.

C. "Once the form is notarized, it cannot be changed."

This statement is incorrect. Advance directive documents can be changed or revoked at any time by the individual as long as they are of sound mind and able to make decisions. Notarization does not prevent changes or revisions to the document.

D. "My health care surrogate can decide my treatment if I am unable to."

Correct. This statement demonstrates an understanding of advance directives. A health care surrogate, also known as a health care proxy or durable power of attorney for health care, is a person chosen by an individual to make medical decisions on their behalf if they become unable to do so. This includes decisions about medical treatment, procedures, and end-of-life care.

A) Restraining a client without a provider's prescription:

This action represents assault and false imprisonment rather than negligence. Assault involves the threat of harm or unwanted touching, while false imprisonment involves the unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's freedom of movement.

B) Threatening to administer a medication a client has refused:

Threatening to administer a medication against a client's wishes may constitute assault or battery, depending on the circumstances, but it does not directly relate to negligence unless the threat results in harm due to the nurse's failure to adhere to the standard of care.

C) Failing to notify the provider after a medication error:

Negligence involves a breach of duty of care resulting in harm to another person. Failing to notify the provider after a medication error represents negligence because it breaches the duty of care owed to the client and may result in harm if appropriate actions are not taken promptly to mitigate the error's effects.

D) Documenting false information in a client's medical record:

Documenting false information in a client's medical record is a form of falsifying documentation and can have serious consequences, including legal and professional repercussions. However, it does not directly relate to negligence unless the false documentation leads to harm or adverse outcomes for the client.