A nurse is phoning a provider to report a client’s serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?

Choice A rationale
A high-purine diet is a known risk factor for urolithiasis (kidney stones). Purines are broken down into uric acid, which can form crystals and stones in the kidneys.
Choice B rationale
Low levels of serum calcium are not a risk factor for urolithiasis. In fact, high levels of calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria) are more commonly associated with kidney stones.
Choice C rationale
Female gender is not a significant risk factor for urolithiasis. Men are generally more likely to develop kidney stones than women.

Choice D rationale
Drinking large quantities of fluids is not a risk factor for urolithiasis. In fact, adequate hydration is recommended to help prevent the formation of kidney stones.

Choice A rationale
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor. UTIs are caused by bacteria that infect the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and the presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine. This can result in cloudy urine with a strong odor. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to resolve the infection and prevent complications.
Choice B rationale
Dehydration can cause dark amber urine, but it does not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. Dehydration leads to concentrated urine, which appears darker in color. However, the presence of cloudiness and odor suggests an infection rather than dehydration.
Choice C rationale
Kidney stones can cause dark urine if there is bleeding, but they do not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. The passage of a kidney stone can lead to hematuria (blood in the urine), which may darken the urine. However, the symptoms described are more indicative of a urinary tract infection.
Choice D rationale
Liver disease can cause dark urine due to the presence of bilirubin, but it does not typically cause cloudiness or an unpleasant odor. Dark urine in liver disease is usually accompanied by other symptoms such as jaundice, pale stools, and fatigue. The combination of dark, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor is more suggestive of a urinary tract infection. .