A nurse is planning care for a client who has a T4 spinal cord injury and is at risk for acquiring urinary tract infections. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

Encourage fluid intake at and between meals.

Cleanse the perineum from back to front.

Offer the client the bedpan every 2 hours.

Obtain a prescription for an indwelling urinary catheter.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Encouraging fluid intake at and between meals helps to dilute urine and can reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by promoting regular urination.
B. Cleansing the perineum should be done from front to back to prevent the introduction of bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra, so this option is incorrect.
C. Offering the bedpan every 2 hours may not be sufficient for individuals at risk for UTIs, as more frequent voiding can help prevent infection.
D. An indwelling urinary catheter increases the risk of urinary tract infections and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary; intermittent catheterization is generally preferred for those with spinal cord injuries to minimize this risk.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Insufficient insulin production is related to diabetes mellitus, not Cushing's syndrome.
B. Long-term use of glucocorticoids is a well-known exogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome, as it leads to excess cortisol in the body.
C. Adrenal insufficiency refers to a deficiency of adrenal hormones and would not cause Cushing's syndrome, which is characterized by excess hormones.
D. Overproduction of growth hormones is associated with acromegaly or gigantism, not Cushing's syndrome, which primarily involves excess cortisol.

A. Major effects on the metabolism of almost all organs of the body B. Fluid and electrolyte balance C. Regulate carbohydrate and protein metabolism D. The release of the ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While hormones from the adrenal cortex do influence various metabolic processes, mineralocorticoids primarily focus on fluid and electrolyte balance rather than having major effects on all organs' metabolism.
B. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, play a crucial role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
C. Regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism is mainly the function of glucocorticoids, not mineralocorticoids.
D. The release of ACTH is regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, not directly influenced by mineralocorticoids.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has a T4 spinal cord injury and is at risk for acquiring urinary tract infections. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

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