A nurse is planning care for a client who has Alzheimer's disease and is in the terminal phase. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Speech degrades to a few words
Needs assistance with finances
Requires cueing to eat
Unable to sit up
The Correct Answer is D
A. Speech degrading to a few words is characteristic of the middle stage of Alzheimer's disease. In the terminal phase, speech is often lost completely.
B. Needing assistance with finances typically occurs in the early stage of Alzheimer's, when complex cognitive tasks become difficult.
C. Requiring cueing to eat may be seen in the moderate stage, when the client still retains some functional ability but needs prompting.
D. Unable to sit up is a finding consistent with the terminal phase of Alzheimer’s disease. During this stage, clients lose motor functions and physical abilities, often becoming bedridden, nonverbal, and fully dependent for all activities of daily living.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Gradual weight gain is not a classic symptom of type 2 diabetes. Weight loss or difficulty losing weight is more commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes.
B. Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is one of the classic clinical manifestations of diabetes, along with polyuria (frequent urination), polyphagia (increased hunger), and unexplained weight loss. It occurs as the body tries to rid itself of excess glucose through urine.
C. Recurrent blurred vision is another common symptom of diabetes, caused by changes in blood sugar levels affecting the eyes. However, it is not typically described as one of the classic clinical manifestations.
D. Overwhelming fatigue can also be a symptom of uncontrolled diabetes, as high blood sugar levels can make it difficult for the body to use glucose for energy. However, excessive thirst is a more defining symptom.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Type 1 diabetes is not caused by a single recessive gene. It has a genetic component but typically involves multiple genes, with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 being associated with increased risk, and is often triggered by autoimmune reactions.
B. The HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 genes are associated with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, as it is an autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
C. While infections (including viral infections) can sometimes trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, bacterial infections themselves do not cause the condition. It is autoimmune in nature, where the body attacks its insulin-producing cells.
D. Excessive heat and temperatures do not cause type 1 diabetes. The condition is driven by genetic and autoimmune factors, not environmental ones like heat.
E. Exposure to processing of metals and proteins does not cause type 1 diabetes. The disease is primarily associated with genetic predisposition and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
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