A nurse is planning care for a client who has atrial fibrillation and reports heart palpitations, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath. Which of the following procedures should the nurse anticipate for this client?

Pericardiocentesis

Septal myectomy

Pericardial window

Synchronized electrical cardioversion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Pericardiocentesis is a procedure used to remove fluid from the pericardial sac and is not typically used to treat atrial fibrillation. It is more commonly indicated for conditions such as pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade.

Choice B rationale
Septal myectomy is a surgical intervention to remove part of the thickened septal wall that separates the ventricles of the heart. It is primarily used to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, not atrial fibrillation.

Choice C rationale
A pericardial window is a procedure that creates an opening in the pericardium to allow fluid to drain into the surrounding chest cavity. This procedure is not a treatment for atrial fibrillation.

Choice D rationale
Synchronized electrical cardioversion is a procedure where a controlled electric shock is delivered to the heart to restore a normal rhythm. It is a common and effective treatment for atrial fibrillation, especially when the condition is causing significant symptoms like palpitations, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
A history of high blood pressure is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease but not specifically for acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is more commonly associated with infections.

Choice B rationale
A recent sore throat and fever, especially if caused by a streptococcal infection, can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This is a well-documented cause of acute glomerulonephritis, making it the correct answer.

Choice C rationale
While bladder infections can lead to urinary tract infections, they are not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is more commonly related to infections that can cause a systemic immune response.

Choice D rationale
A history of kidney stones is associated with chronic kidney issues and can lead to infections, but it is not a direct cause of acute glomerulonephritis. This condition is usually caused by an immune response to an infection elsewhere in the body.

A. Tell the patient to clean the urethral area, void a small amount into the toilet, then void directly into a sterile container. B. Have the patient empty the bladder completely; then obtain the next urine specimen that the patient is able to void. C. Clean the area around the patient's meatus with a povidone-iodine (Betadine) swab and then have the patient void into a sterile specimen cup. D. Insert a short sterile "mini" catheter attached to a collecting container into the urethra and bladder to obtain the specimen.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
This method is the standard procedure for obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen. The initial voiding washes away organisms near the meatus, and the midstream urine is less likely to be contaminated by bacteria from the skin or urethral area, providing a sample that more accurately represents the bacteria in the bladder.

Choice B rationale
Having the patient empty the bladder completely and then obtaining the next specimen does not ensure a clean-catch sample. This method could lead to contamination of the specimen with bacteria from the skin or urethral area.

Choice C rationale
Cleaning the area with povidone-iodine is not recommended for routine urine culture as it may kill some of the bacteria, leading to a false-negative result. The standard practice is to clean the area with mild soap and water.

Choice D rationale
Inserting a catheter is an invasive procedure and is not the first choice for obtaining a urine specimen. It is used when a patient is unable to provide a clean-catch specimen or if there are specific medical indications.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has atrial fibrillation and reports heart palpitations, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath. Which of the following procedures should the nurse anticipate for this client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What should the nurse ask the patient about to determine possible causes of acute glomerulonephritis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A female patient with a suspected urinary tract infection is to provide a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing. What should the nurse do to obtain the specimen?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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