A nurse is planning care for a client who is to have a mechanically altered diet following a stroke. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to include in the client's diet? (Select all that apply.)

Ground meat

Raw broccoli

Strawberries

Mashed potatoes

Ice cream

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

A. Ground meat: Ground meat is good for a mechanically altered diet because it can be easily chewed and swallowed compared to whole cuts of meat. The texture is soft and can be modified further if necessary, making it suitable for clients with difficulty chewing or swallowing. It provides a good source of protein, essential for recovery and tissue repair.
B. Raw broccoli: Raw broccoli is not suitable for a mechanically altered diet, as it can be difficult for a client to chew properly and may pose a choking hazard. Vegetables with tough, fibrous textures require further modification, such as cooking or pureeing, to ensure safe consumption for individuals with swallowing difficulties.
C. Strawberries: Strawberries, although soft, are not ideal for a mechanically altered diet, particularly if they are whole or in large pieces. The seeds and texture may still pose a risk for choking or difficulty swallowing. To include strawberries safely, they would need to be pureed or cut into very small pieces, which is not the most efficient choice for a mechanically altered diet.
D. Mashed potatoes: Mashed potatoes are a good choice for a mechanically altered diet because they are soft, smooth, and easy to swallow, which helps prevent choking or aspiration. Mashed potatoes can also be flavored with various ingredients, providing nutritional value and palatability while adhering to the requirements for a mechanically altered diet.
E. Ice cream: Ice cream can be included in a mechanically altered diet because it has a soft, smooth texture that is easy to swallow. Additionally, it can provide a source of calories and protein, which may be especially beneficial for clients who have difficulty maintaining adequate nutrition after a stroke. However, it should be offered in moderation, as it is high in sugar and fat.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Supplement your diet with 400 micrograms of folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects in fetal development and plays a role in red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis. However, it is not directly associated with the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.
B. "Adhere to a low-protein diet." A low-protein diet is not advisable for individuals at risk for osteoporosis. Adequate protein intake is necessary for bone matrix formation and maintenance of muscle mass, which supports skeletal strength. Extremely low protein can impair calcium absorption and negatively affect bone density, increasing fracture risk.
C. "Add more leafy greens to your diet." Leafy green vegetables such as kale, spinach, and broccoli are rich in calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K, all of which support bone health and help in maintaining bone density. These nutrients play a crucial role in bone remodeling and reducing the risk of fractures in individuals susceptible to osteoporosis.
D. "Increase your dietary fiber intake." While fiber is important for digestive health and reducing cholesterol, it does not have a significant direct effect on bone mineral density or osteoporosis prevention. Excessive fiber intake, especially from supplements, may even interfere with calcium absorption, making it less ideal for those at risk of osteoporosis.

A. Limit egg yolks to five per week. B. Limit meat intake to 10 oz per day. C. Choose oily fish for two meals each week. D. Choose ground beef that is 70% lean.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Limit egg yolks to five per week: Egg yolks are high in cholesterol, which can contribute to an increased risk of heart disease if consumed in large quantities. While limiting egg yolks can be beneficial, most current guidelines suggest a more flexible approach. Restricting them to five per week may not be the most accurate advice for a general heart-healthy diet.
B. Limit meat intake to 10 oz per day: 10 oz of lean meat a day is generally considered an acceptable amount for a heart-healthy diet however the recommendation could vary depending on the type of meat and its fat content. Instead, the focus should be on choosing lean proteins and limiting processed meats, rather than setting a strict limit on all meat consumption.
C. Choose oily fish for two meals each week: Oily fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering triglycerides, reducing inflammation, and improving overall heart health. Consuming oily fish twice a week is consistent with current dietary guidelines aimed at promoting cardiovascular health.
D. Choose ground beef that is 70% lean: Ground beef that is only 70% lean is considered too fatty for a heart-healthy diet, as it is high in saturated fats which can increase cholesterol levels and contribute to heart disease. It is more beneficial to choose leaner options like 90% lean ground beef or plant-based alternatives, which are lower in unhealthy fats and better for heart health.

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