A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of nurses about human immunodeficiency virus infection. Which of the following would the nurse include as the major means of transmission responsible for almost all new HIV infections in the infant population?
Exposure to contaminated body fluid
Mother-to-child transmission
Blood transfusions
Sharing of infected needles
The Correct Answer is B
A. Exposure to contaminated body fluid:
HIV can be transmitted through exposure to contaminated body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. However, in the context of infants, mother-to-child transmission is the primary mode of concern.
B. Mother-to-child transmission:
Mother-to-child transmission, also known as perinatal or vertical transmission, is the major means of HIV transmission in infants. It can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding when the virus is passed from an HIV-positive mother to her child.
C. Blood transfusions:
While HIV transmission through blood transfusions was a concern in the past, current blood screening and testing procedures have significantly reduced this risk. It is not a major means of transmission in the infant population.
D. Sharing of infected needles:
The sharing of infected needles is a risk factor for HIV transmission among individuals who use injection drugs. However, this mode of transmission is not relevant to infants, as they are not typically exposed to such risk factors.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Exposure to contaminated body fluid:
HIV can be transmitted through exposure to contaminated body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. However, in the context of infants, mother-to-child transmission is the primary mode of concern.
B. Mother-to-child transmission:
Mother-to-child transmission, also known as perinatal or vertical transmission, is the major means of HIV transmission in infants. It can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding when the virus is passed from an HIV-positive mother to her child.
C. Blood transfusions:
While HIV transmission through blood transfusions was a concern in the past, current blood screening and testing procedures have significantly reduced this risk. It is not a major means of transmission in the infant population.
D. Sharing of infected needles:
The sharing of infected needles is a risk factor for HIV transmission among individuals who use injection drugs. However, this mode of transmission is not relevant to infants, as they are not typically exposed to such risk factors.
Correct Answer is ["1.75"]
Explanation
To administer the correct dose of ampicillin IM, the nurse needs to calculate the amount of solution to draw up from the vial.
The vial contains 1 g of ampicillin in 5 mL of solution, which means that each mL has 200 mg of ampicillin.
To get 350 mg of ampicillin, the nurse needs to divide 350 by 200, which gives 1.75.
Therefore, the nurse needs to draw up 1.75 mL of solution for an IM injection.
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