A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of nurses about human immunodeficiency virus infection. Which of the following would the nurse include as the major means of transmission responsible for almost all new HIV infections in the infant population?

A. Apply warm, moist compresses to the neck area:

Warm, moist compresses are not typically used in the postoperative care of a tonsillectomy. Cold compresses or ice packs may be recommended to reduce swelling.

B. Observe for excessive swallowing:

Excessive swallowing may indicate bleeding, and close monitoring for any signs of bleeding is important.

C. Provide liquid acetaminophen with codeine as ordered:

Pain management is crucial postoperatively, and providing pain medication as ordered helps ensure the child's comfort.

D. Place the child in a partially prone position with the head turned to one side in the immediate post-operative period:

This position helps facilitate drainage and reduce the risk of aspiration. However, the specific positioning may vary based on the surgeon's preference.

E. Offer orange juice, lemonade, or milk to drink once awake and alert:

Citrus juices and milk are usually avoided in the immediate postoperative period to prevent irritation to the surgical site. Clear fluids or those recommended by the healthcare provider are typically introduced gradually.

A. Teaching the child to take long, slow breaths:

While teaching slow breathing techniques can be helpful in managing anxiety and promoting a sense of calm, it may not directly address the underlying airway inflammation and bronchodilation needed in acute laryngotracheobronchitis.

B. Assisting with racemic epinephrine nebulizer therapy:

Racemic epinephrine is a medication that contains epinephrine, a bronchodilator. Nebulizer therapy with racemic epinephrine helps reduce airway inflammation, allowing for bronchodilation and improved breathing. This is a common intervention for managing acute respiratory distress in conditions like croup.

C. Administering an oral analgesic:

Oral analgesics, such as pain medications, can provide relief from discomfort or pain, but they do not directly address the bronchodilation needed for conditions like acute laryngotracheobronchitis.

D. Administering a corticosteroid:

Corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce swelling and inflammation in the airways. By doing so, they contribute to bronchodilation and improved breathing in conditions like croup. Corticosteroids are often used as part of the treatment plan for acute laryngotracheobronchitis.