A nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client recently diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The client lives in a multigenerational household with three family members and expresses eagerness to return to work at a local daycare center. Which teaching point is most important for the nurse to emphasize?
The importance of adhering closely to the prescribed medication regimen
The client should wear a surgical mask in public for a year following diagnosis due to latent TB
The client may return to work once symptoms improve and they feel well enough.
Household members should begin prophylactic antibiotic treatment immediately
The Correct Answer is A
A. The importance of adhering closely to the prescribed medication regimen: Active TB requires long-term multidrug therapy, and adherence is crucial to prevent relapse, ongoing transmission, and development of multidrug-resistant TB. Incomplete treatment is a major public health risk.
B. The client should wear a surgical mask in public for a year following diagnosis due to latent TB: Clients with latent TB are not contagious, and mask use for an entire year is unnecessary. Mask use is important only during the initial infectious phase of active TB until sputum smears are negative.
C. The client may return to work once symptoms improve and they feel well enough: Symptom improvement does not mean the client is no longer infectious. Return to work is only appropriate when the client has completed adequate therapy and has documented negative sputum cultures.
D. Household members should begin prophylactic antibiotic treatment immediately: Not all household members automatically require prophylaxis. They should first undergo TB testing, and only those with positive results or who are high-risk will be prescribed preventive therapy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. HIV targets macrophages, resulting in decreased phagocytic activity and antigen presentation: HIV can infect macrophages, but this is not the primary mechanism of immune suppression. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to immunodeficiency but is secondary to CD4+ T-cell depletion.
B. HIV primarily targets T lymphocytes, leading to decreased production of antibodies: HIV affects T lymphocytes, but the main consequence is the loss of CD4+ helper cells, which indirectly affects B-cell function. Antibody production is impaired, but the central issue is T-cell depletion.
C. HIV infects B lymphocytes, impairing the body's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens: HIV does not directly infect B cells. B-cell dysfunction occurs secondary to the loss of helper T-cell support, leading to inadequate immune responses.
D. HIV infects CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing progressive depletion of these cells and weakening the immune system: The virus targets CD4+ T-helper cells, gradually destroying them, which impairs both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, leaving the client susceptible to opportunistic infections and AIDS-related complications.
Correct Answer is ["25"]
Explanation
Calculation:
Ordered infusion rate = 1,000 units/hour.
- Identify the available concentration of the solution.
Available concentration = Total units / Total volume
= 20,000 units / 500 mL
= 40 units/mL.
- Calculate the infusion pump setting in milliliters per hour (mL/hr).
Pump setting (mL/hr) = Ordered rate (units/hr) / Available concentration (units/mL)
= 1,000 units/hr / 40 units/mL
= 25 mL/hr.
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