A nurse is preparing to administer penicillin IM to an adult client. Which of the following angles should the nurse use for injection into the client's ventrogluteal muscle?

D. A 90° angle (perpendicular to the skin surface) is typically used for IM injections into muscles where the needle needs to penetrate deeply into the muscle tissue.

A. 60° angle is commonly used for IM injections in the deltoid muscle or thigh. However, it may not be optimal for the ventrogluteal site, which typically requires a different approach due to its deeper location and muscle structure.

B. A 45° angle is typically used for subcutaneous injections, where the needle is inserted into the fatty layer just below the skin surface.

C. This angle is steeper than 60° and is sometimes used for IM injections into muscles with thicker tissue or larger muscle mass.

D. Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet can indicate peripheral neuropathy, a known adverse effect of nitrofurantoin. It's essential for the nurse to recognize and communicate the potential seriousness of these symptoms to the client.

A. Numbness and tingling are not typically related to hydration status. While adequate hydration is important for overall health, it does not directly prevent numbness and tingling caused by medication side effects.

B. Symptoms like urinary frequency, burning, and dysuria are common symptoms of a urinary tract infection, not indicators of the medication working.

C Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet can be indicative of peripheral neuropathy, which is a potential adverse reaction to nitrofurantoin. While not all cases are severe, it's crucial to assess the severity and duration of these symptoms and notify the healthcare provider.