A nurse is providing a presentation to colleagues on emphysema. Which of the following subtypes should the nurse identify as having a complication of pneumothorax?

A. "Pancreatic cancer doesn't usually present as an adenocarcinoma.": Pancreatic cancer most commonly arises from the exocrine glands and is typically classified as an adenocarcinoma. It is the most frequent histological type found in pancreatic malignancies.
B. "Colorectal adenocarcinomas tend to have high treatment response rates.": Treatment response in colorectal adenocarcinoma depends heavily on the stage at diagnosis. While early-stage tumors may respond well, advanced stages often have lower responsiveness and poorer outcomes.
C. "Many brain tumors are adenocarcinomas.": Primary brain tumors are typically glial in origin, such as astrocytomas or glioblastomas. Adenocarcinomas rarely originate in the brain and are more often found in epithelial tissues like the lungs, colon, or prostate.
D. "Most prostate cancers are slow-growing adenocarcinomas.": Prostate cancer most often originates from glandular tissue and is classified as an adenocarcinoma. These tumors commonly progress slowly, especially in older adults, and may be monitored for years without requiring aggressive treatment.

A. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of severe flank pain, nausea, and vomiting: These are hallmark signs of a current or recent episode of kidney stones. Once the acute symptoms are managed, this client would benefit the most from kidney stone prevention education, including dietary modifications and increased fluid intake, to reduce recurrence risk.
B. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of polyuria, nocturia, proteinuria, and a palpable kidney mass: These signs suggest a chronic kidney condition such as polycystic kidney disease or another form of kidney pathology rather than nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone prevention is not the primary teaching focus for this client.
C. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of urinary urgency, weak urine stream, and dysuria: These symptoms are more consistent with a lower urinary tract condition such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or a urinary tract infection, rather than kidney stones. Prevention teaching should be focused on the underlying cause.
D. The client admitted to the hospital who has clinical findings of periorbital edema, dark frothy urine, and elevated blood pressure: These symptoms point to nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis, which involve protein loss and renal inflammation. The pathophysiology here differs from that of kidney stone formation, and stone prevention would not be the priority.