A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has a history of nephrolithiasis. Which of the following is appropriate to include in the teaching?
Restrict dietary calcium intake.
Limit fluid intake to 40 oz/day.
Decrease complex carbohydrates in the diet.
Avoid foods that have high levels of oxalates.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Restricting dietary calcium intake is not typically recommended for preventing nephrolithiasis; in fact, adequate calcium intake may decrease the risk of kidney stone formation.
B. Limiting fluid intake is not recommended for individuals with nephrolithiasis; adequate fluid intake helps prevent kidney stone formation.
C. Complex carbohydrates do not significantly impact the risk of nephrolithiasis; dietary changes should focus on other factors such as oxalate intake.
D. Foods high in oxalates, such as spinach, beets, nuts, and chocolate, can contribute to the formation of kidney stones in susceptible individuals, so it's important to avoid them.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Placing the cane on the unaffected side helps to provide better support and balance for the client. It allows the client to shift weight away from the affected side, reducing strain and risk of falls.
B. The cane should be adjusted to the height of the wrist crease when the client stands with arms relaxed at their sides, not the iliac crest. This ensures proper posture and effective use of the cane.
C. Removing the rubber tip from the cane is unsafe as the rubber tip provides traction and prevents slipping. Without it, the cane could easily slide on smooth surfaces, increasing the risk of falls.
D. Placing the cane in the closet during naps and bedtime is not practical. The client may need to use the cane immediately upon waking, and it should be easily accessible to prevent accidents.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A.
A. Troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream when there is damage to the heart muscle (myocardium), such as during a heart attack. Elevated troponin levels indicate myocardial injury or damage, making this the correct choice for indicating myocardial damage.
B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube of blood. It is a non-specific marker of inflammation and is not specific to myocardial damage.
C. Human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by the heart in response to increased pressure and volume. Elevated levels are indicative of heart failure, not necessarily myocardial damage.
D. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) measures the time it takes for blood to clot. It is used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy and is not specific to myocardial
damage.
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