A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select All that Apply.)

Take small bites of food.

Liquids should be thickened.

Sit slightly forward when eating.

Chew food thoroughly before swallowing.

Avoid having conversations while eating.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Take small bites of food: Taking small bites of food is important for clients with Parkinson's disease to reduce the risk of choking and aspiration. It allows better control of swallowing and reduces the likelihood of difficulty swallowing, which is common in Parkinson’s disease due to dysphagia (swallowing difficulty).
B. Liquids should be thickened: While thickening liquids is often recommended for clients with swallowing difficulties, it is not universally required for all Parkinson's patients. It would depend on the specific swallowing assessment and the client’s condition. Therefore, this is not an essential recommendation for every client.
C. Sit slightly forward when eating: Sitting slightly forward helps clients with Parkinson's disease improve their swallowing and reduce the risk of aspiration. This posture encourages a safer swallowing reflex and reduces the likelihood of food or liquids going into the airway.
D. Chew food thoroughly before swallowing: Thoroughly chewing food is vital for clients with Parkinson’s disease because it reduces the risk of choking and aspiration. This allows the food to break down into smaller pieces, making it easier to swallow and less likely to cause blockages in the throat.
E. Avoid having conversations while eating: While it is important to focus on eating to prevent choking, there is no strict guideline that clients with Parkinson’s must avoid conversation entirely. Talking while eating may be challenging for some, but it is not universally harmful. However, the client should be reminded to focus on swallowing to prevent aspiration.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. High altitude travel: Clients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience worsened symptoms due to decreased oxygen levels and environmental stressors at higher altitudes. This can exacerbate fatigue, muscle weakness, and other MS symptoms.
B. Working in an office: This is unlikely to worsen MS symptoms, as working in a controlled environment like an office does not have the same physical stressors as high altitudes or extreme temperatures.
C. Flying: While flying may involve changes in air pressure and cabin conditions, it is less likely to worsen MS symptoms significantly compared to high altitude travel.
D. Sunbathing: Sun exposure can potentially worsen symptoms due to overheating, but it is generally less impactful than environmental factors like high altitude. However, overheating can be a concern in MS patients.

A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 24 mg/dL B. Serum calcium 8.0 mg/dl C. Serum potassium 5.0 mEq/L D. Serum sodium 125 mEq/L

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 24 mg/dL: This BUN level is slightly elevated but not critical. It may indicate mild dehydration or increased protein breakdown, but it does not require immediate intervention in the context of SIADH.
B. Serum calcium 8.0 mg/dL: This value is at the lower end of normal. While low calcium levels may cause symptoms like muscle cramps or tingling, they are not the most urgent concern in a client with SIADH.
C. Serum potassium 5.0 mEq/L: This value is at the high end of normal. While potassium levels should be monitored, especially in critically ill clients, this level does not require emergency treatment.
D. Serum sodium 125 mEq/L: This sodium level is significantly low and requires immediate intervention. In SIADH, water retention leads to dilutional hyponatremia. A sodium level this low can cause neurologic symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or coma, making it a priority for urgent management.

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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis about factors that can worsen their manifestations. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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