A nurse is providing education to a client recently diagnosed with Meniere's disease. Which of the following will the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Avoid swimming underwater

Wear earphones when in crowded places

Keep eyes open during an acute attack

Sit or lie down if whirling occurs

We do not know the exact cause

Damage to the ear from excess noise is the cause

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,E

Choice A reason: This is correct because avoiding swimming underwater can help prevent the worsening of Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and fullness in the ear. Swimming underwater can increase pressure in the ear and trigger an attack. The nurse should advise the client to avoid activities that involve changes in altitude or pressure, such as flying, diving, or climbing.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because wearing earphones when in crowded places can worsen Meniere's disease. Earphones can increase noise exposure and damage hearing, which is already impaired by Meniere's disease. The nurse should advise the client to avoid loud noises and use hearing aids if needed.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because keeping eyes open during an acute attack can increase vertigo and nausea. Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or moving when still, which can be caused by Meniere's disease. Keeping eyes open can make vertigo worse by creating a visual mismatch with vestibular signals from the inner ear. The nurse should advise the client to close their eyes or focus on a stationary object during an attack.
Choice D reason: This is correct because sitting or lying down if whirling occurs can help prevent falls or injuries due to vertigo. Whirling is another term for vertigo, which can affect balance and coordination. Sitting or lying down can reduce movement and stabilize posture during an attack. The nurse should advise
the client to avoid driving or operating machinery when experiencing vertigo.
Choice E reason: This is correct because we do not know the exact cause of Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease is thought to be related to abnormal fluid balance or pressure in the inner ear, but what triggers this condition is unknown. The nurse should educate the client about possible risk factors, such as genetics, infections, allergies, autoimmune disorders, or head trauma, but also acknowledge the uncertainty and variability of the disease.
Choice F reason: This is incorrect because damage to the ear from excess noise is not the cause of Meniere's disease. Damage to the ear from excess noise can cause noise-induced hearing loss, which is a type of sensorineural hearing loss that affects the cochlea or the auditory nerve. Meniere's disease is a type of mixed hearing loss that affects both the cochlea and the middle ear. The nurse should not confuse or misinform the client about the cause of their condition.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because using sign language when communicating with the client is not an appropriate action for the nurse to take. Sign language is a form of communication that uses hand gestures, facial expressions, and body movements. It is not a universal language and requires training and practice. The nurse should not assume that the client knows or prefers sign language unless they have indicated so.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because speaking loudly and into the client's good ear is not an appropriate action for the nurse to take. Speaking loudly can distort the sound quality and cause discomfort or irritation to the client. Speaking into the client's good ear can also create a sense of imbalance and isolation. The nurse should speak at a normal volume and tone, and face the client directly.

Choice C reason: This is the correct answer because speaking directly to the client in a normal, clear voice is an appropriate action for the nurse to take. Speaking directly to the client can help them see the nurse's mouth movements and facial expressions, which can enhance understanding and communication. Speaking in a normal, clear voice can help convey the message clearly and respectfully.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because sitting by the client's side and speaking very slowly is not an appropriate action for the nurse to take. Sitting by the client's side can make it difficult for them to see the nurse's face and hear their voice. Speaking very slowly can also make the message unclear and patronizing. The nurse should sit in front of the client and speak at a normal pace.

A. Increase protein from red meat B. Decrease fluid intake C. Incorporate soft foods that are pureed in consistency D. Increase dietary fiber

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Increasing protein from red meat is not part of client education, as it can worsen the condition and increase the risk of complications. Red meat is high in fat and low in fiber, which can cause constipation and increase the pressure in the colon. Diverticulosis is a condition where small pouches or sacs form in the wall of the colon due to weak spots or increased pressure.

Choice B Reason: Decreasing fluid intake is not part of client education, as it can worsen the condition and increase the risk of complications. Fluid intake should be increased to prevent dehydration and promote bowel movements. Diverticulosis can cause abdominal pain, bloating, cramping, and changes in bowel habits.

Choice C Reason: Incorporating soft foods that are pureed in consistency is not part of client education, as it can worsen the condition and increase the risk of complications. Soft foods are low in fiber and can cause constipation and increase the pressure in the colon. Diverticulosis can lead to diverticulitis, which is inflammation or infection of the pouches or sacs.

Choice D Reason: This is the correct choice. Increasing dietary fiber is part of client education, as it can improve the condition and prevent complications. Fiber helps soften the stool and reduce the pressure in the colon. Diverticulosis can be managed by eating a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of fluids, exercising regularly, and avoiding straining or holding stools.

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A nurse is providing education to a client recently diagnosed with Meniere's disease. Which of the following will the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

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