A nurse is providing education to a client who has recently undergone pelvic floor surgery. The client asks about the voluntary control of urination. Which anatomical structure allows for conscious control over the initiation of urine flow?
Ileocecal sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter
Internal anal sphincter
External urethral sphincter
The Correct Answer is D
A. Ileocecal sphincter: the ileocecal valve/sphincter regulates flow from ileum to cecum in the GI tract, unrelated to urinary control.
B. Internal urethral sphincter: Incorrect (mostly involuntary) -the internal sphincter (smooth muscle) provides involuntary control of urine retention at the bladder neck via autonomic regulation.
C. Internal anal sphincter: the internal anal sphincter controls fecal continence (involuntary), not urinary flow.
D. External urethral sphincter: the external urethral sphincter is skeletal muscle under voluntary control and allows conscious initiation or delay of urination.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["D","F"]
Explanation
A. Glomerulus – 6:The glomerulus is the capillary tuft labeled 2, not 6.
B. PCT – 9:The proximal convoluted tubule is labeled 7(first coiled segment after the capsule); there is no 9 shown.
C. Distal convoluted tubule – 8:The DCT is labeled 6(coiled segment after the ascending limb). 8points to the collecting system.
D. Nephron loop – 3, 4 and 5:3= descending limb, 4= hairpin turn, 5= ascending limb.
E. DCT – 9:DCT is 6; no 9 indicated.
F. Glomerular capsule – 1:The capsule (Bowman’s capsule) encasing the glomerulus is labeled 1.
G. Collecting duct – 1:The collecting duct is the long vertical duct on the right (labeled 7/8), not 1.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"A"}
Explanation
A. Oogenesis:Produces 1mature ovum. During oogenesis the unequal cytokinesis of meiotic divisions creates one large functional ovum and smaller polar bodies.
B. Meiosis:Meiosis is the cell-division mechanism that reduces chromosome number. In spermatogenesis meiosis yields 4functional sperm, but in oogenesis meiosis (with unequal cytokinesis) yields 1functional ovum plus polar bodies.
C. Spermatogenesis:Spermatogenesis produces 4mature sperm from one spermatogonial cell (not ova) -it does notproduce mature ova.
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