A nurse is providing education to a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The client asks about the purpose of dialysis. Which of the following responses by the nurse is accurate?
"Dialysis is used to restore normal kidney function."
"Dialysis is a surgical procedure to transplant a healthy kidney."
"Dialysis is performed to prevent the progression of CKD."
"Dialysis helps remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so."
The Correct Answer is D
A) This statement is incorrect. Dialysis does not restore normal kidney function. Instead, it serves as a substitute for impaired kidney function, helping to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
B) This statement is incorrect. Dialysis is not a surgical procedure to transplant a healthy kidney. Kidney transplantation is a separate procedure that involves replacing a damaged kidney with a healthy one from a living or deceased donor.
C) This statement is incorrect. Dialysis may help manage complications of CKD and prolong life, but it does not prevent the progression of the underlying kidney disease. CKD is a chronic and progressive condition that may eventually require dialysis or kidney transplantation.
D) This statement is accurate. Dialysis is the process of removing waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions adequately.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) This statement is incorrect. Hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels) can be a concern in ESRD, but it is not the primary indication for initiating dialysis in this scenario. Pruritus is more commonly associated with uremia and high levels of other waste products.
B) This statement is incorrect. Hypervolemia (fluid overload) can be a concern in ESRD, but it is not the primary indication described in the scenario. The persistent pruritus is more likely related to uremia and the accumulation of toxins.
C) This statement is incorrect. Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) is not the primary indication described in the scenario. While hyperkalemia may occur in ESRD, the primary concern leading to the need for dialysis in this case is the uremia and its associated symptoms.
D) Uremia, which is the accumulation of urea and other waste products in the blood, can lead to various complications, including pruritus. Dialysis helps remove these waste products from the bloodstream and may alleviate the itching associated with uremia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) This statement is incorrect. Increasing the intake of potassium-rich foods is not related to managing constipation. In fact, clients on peritoneal dialysis may need to restrict potassium intake due to the potential for electrolyte imbalances.
B) This statement is accurate. Constipation can be a common issue for clients on peritoneal dialysis due to the presence of glucose in the dialysate, which can draw fluid into the peritoneal cavity and lead to decreased bowel movement. Administering a stool softener as needed can help alleviate constipation.
C) This statement is incorrect. Decreasing fluid intake during dialysis is not recommended for managing constipation. Fluid intake should be maintained as prescribed to achieve adequate ultrafiltration.
D) This statement is incorrect. Encouraging the client to consume dairy products is not directly related to managing constipation. While calcium intake may be important for bone health in clients with ESRD, it is not a primary intervention for constipation.
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