A nurse is providing education to a group of clients about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale:

If the client states, "I am experiencing a reduction in PTSD symptoms," it reflects a positive change but not necessarily a comprehensive improvement. Reduction in symptoms could be due to various factors, and it might not indicate overall progress in managing PTSD.

Choice B rationale:

This choice indicates a positive outcome because improved coping skills and resilience are fundamental aspects of successful PTSD management. This suggests that the client has learned to deal with triggers and stressors more effectively, leading to better emotional regulation and adaptation.

Choice C rationale:

"I have restored self-esteem and identity" is important for psychological well-being, but it specifically focuses on self-esteem and identity rather than the broader range of symptoms associated with PTSD. While this could be a part of the recovery process, it's not as comprehensive as improved coping skills and resilience.

Choice D rationale:

"I have reintegration into society and relationships" also reflects progress, but it pertains to the social aspects of recovery rather than the individual's internal coping mechanisms. Social reintegration is crucial, but it may not directly correlate with better management of PTSD symptoms.

Choice A rationale:

Acupuncture (Choice A) is an alternative therapy that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. While it may have benefits for pain management and relaxation, it is not considered a trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD.

Choice B rationale:

Yoga (Choice B) is a mind-body practice that can promote relaxation and stress reduction. While it can be a helpful component of a holistic approach to managing PTSD, it is not specifically classified as trauma-focused psychotherapy.

Choice C rationale:

Cognitive processing therapy (Choice C) is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD. It involves helping clients process and reframe their traumatic experiences by challenging and modifying negative beliefs and thoughts associated with the trauma.

Choice D rationale:

Biofeedback (Choice D) is a technique that teaches individuals to control physiological functions, such as heart rate and muscle tension, through relaxation techniques. While it can aid in stress management, it is not a trauma-focused psychotherapy.

Choice E rationale:

Virtual reality therapy (Choice E) is a novel approach that uses virtual reality technology to expose individuals to controlled, virtual traumatic scenarios in a therapeutic setting. It can be effective in treating PTSD by allowing controlled exposure to triggers, but it's not a traditional trauma-focused psychotherapy method.