A nurse is providing education to a patient who has been diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Elevate your legs on pillows when in bed.

Apply a heating pad for 15 minutes twice per day.

Begin an exercise program that includes walking.

Wear knee-high support hose during the day.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Elevating the legs on pillows when in bed is not typically recommended for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This position can actually decrease arterial blood flow to the legs and worsen symptoms.

Choice B rationale

Applying a heating pad for 15 minutes twice per day is not a standard recommendation for managing PAD. While heat can increase blood flow, it can also lead to burns in patients with decreased sensation due to PAD1.

Choice C rationale

Beginning an exercise program that includes walking is often recommended for patients with PAD. Regular physical activity can improve symptoms of claudication (pain caused by reduced blood flow) and increase overall cardiovascular health.

Choice D rationale

Wearing knee-high support hose during the day is not typically recommended for patients with PAD. Compression stockings are more often used in the management of venous rather than arterial conditions.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Bulging skin around the stoma can be a sign of a hernia, but it’s not uncommon in the early postoperative period. It should be monitored, but it’s not typically a cause for immediate concern.

Choice B rationale

A stoma that protrudes 2 cm (0.8 in) above the abdominal wall is considered normal. The stoma should protrude above the skin to prevent stool from coming into contact with the skin, which can cause irritation and breakdown.

Choice C rationale

A stoma that is moist and beefy red is a sign of a healthy stoma. This indicates that the stoma has a good blood supply and is not ischemic or necrotic.

Choice D rationale

No fecal output from the stoma 24 hours after surgery could indicate a blockage or other complication and should be reported to the provider immediately.

A. Supine position B. Prone position C. Fowler’s position D. Trendelenburg position

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice C rationale

Placing the client in Fowler's position (semi-upright position) facilitates optimal chest expansion and improves ventilation by allowing the diaphragm to move more effectively and reducing the pressure on the lungs from abdominal contents. This position helps in maximizing oxygenation and reducing respiratory distress. The other positions—supine, prone, and Trendelenburg—do not offer the same level of chest expansion and can exacerbate breathing difficulties.

The correct answer is to place the client in a position that allows for maximum chest expansion and oxygenation. This is often the upright or Fowler’s position.

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A nurse is providing education to a patient who has been diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

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