A nurse is providing information to a client about risk factors for developing an anxiety-related disorder. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for developing an anxiety-related disorder?

A client who has a family history of anxiety disorders and several positive childhood experiences (PCEs)

A client who had multiple adverse childhood experiences and whose parents both have a history of anxiety disorder

A client who has a family history of cancer and is recently unemployed

A client who did not graduate from high school or complete their general education development (GED) test

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: A family history of anxiety disorders increases risk via genetic predisposition (e.g., serotonin transporter gene variants), but positive childhood experiences (PCEs) build resilience, reducing risk. This client has a moderate risk but is less vulnerable than one with adverse experiences and genetic predisposition.

Choice B reason: Multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), like abuse or neglect, elevate anxiety risk by increasing stress hormone dysregulation (e.g., cortisol) and altering brain development (e.g., amygdala hyperactivity). Combined with a parental history of anxiety disorders, indicating genetic risk, this client faces the greatest risk for developing an anxiety-related disorder.

Choice C reason: A family history of cancer and recent unemployment are stressors but not specific risk factors for anxiety disorders. Unemployment may increase stress, but without genetic or trauma-related predispositions, this client’s risk is lower than one with ACEs and family history.

Choice D reason: Not graduating high school or completing a GED may limit opportunities, increasing stress, but is not a direct risk factor for anxiety disorders. Genetic predisposition and adverse childhood experiences have stronger links to anxiety development, making this client less at risk.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Positioning on the left side does not address evisceration, where bowel protrudes through a surgical incision. This position may not prevent further protrusion or contamination, and it is not a standard intervention, making it incorrect compared to protecting the bowel.

Choice B reason: Gently reinserting the bowel is dangerous, as it risks contamination, infection, or damage to the tissue. Only a surgeon should perform reinsertion under sterile conditions, making this choice incorrect and unsafe for the nurse to attempt.

Choice C reason: Applying moistened sterile gauze protects the exposed bowel from drying out and contamination, maintaining viability until surgical repair. This is the standard nursing intervention for evisceration, preventing infection and tissue damage, making this the correct action.

Choice D reason: Placing the bed flat does not directly address evisceration. A semi-Fowler’s position may reduce abdominal pressure, but protecting the bowel with moist gauze is the priority to prevent drying and infection, making this choice less critical.

A. Beneficence B. Duty to warn C. HIPAA D. Informed consent

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Beneficence is an ethical principle in nursing, emphasizing actions that promote the well-being of patients. It involves providing care that benefits the client, balancing risks and benefits, and is fundamental to ethical practice, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Duty to warn is a legal obligation to protect others from harm, not a core ethical principle. It arises in specific situations, like threats of violence, but is not a foundational ethical concept like beneficence, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: HIPAA is a legal regulation protecting patient privacy, not an ethical principle. While it guides confidentiality practices, it is a legal framework, not a moral principle like beneficence, which drives ethical decision-making, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Informed consent is a process ensuring patients understand treatments, rooted in the ethical principle of autonomy. It is not an ethical principle itself but a practice, making this choice incorrect compared to beneficence.

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A nurse is providing information to a client about risk factors for developing an anxiety-related disorder. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for developing an anxiety-related disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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