A nurse is providing information to a client about risk factors for developing an anxiety-related disorder. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for developing an anxiety-related disorder?

A client who has a family history of anxiety disorders and several positive childhood experiences (PCEs)

A client who had multiple adverse childhood experiences and whose parents both have a history of anxiety disorder

A client who has a family history of cancer and is recently unemployed

A client who did not graduate from high school or complete their general education development (GED) test

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: A family history of anxiety disorders increases risk via genetic predisposition (e.g., serotonin transporter gene variants), but positive childhood experiences (PCEs) build resilience, reducing risk. This client has a moderate risk but is less vulnerable than one with adverse experiences and genetic predisposition.

Choice B reason: Multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), like abuse or neglect, elevate anxiety risk by increasing stress hormone dysregulation (e.g., cortisol) and altering brain development (e.g., amygdala hyperactivity). Combined with a parental history of anxiety disorders, indicating genetic risk, this client faces the greatest risk for developing an anxiety-related disorder.

Choice C reason: A family history of cancer and recent unemployment are stressors but not specific risk factors for anxiety disorders. Unemployment may increase stress, but without genetic or trauma-related predispositions, this client’s risk is lower than one with ACEs and family history.

Choice D reason: Not graduating high school or completing a GED may limit opportunities, increasing stress, but is not a direct risk factor for anxiety disorders. Genetic predisposition and adverse childhood experiences have stronger links to anxiety development, making this client less at risk.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Parkinson’s disease affects men more than women, with a 1.5–2 times higher incidence in men, possibly due to genetic or hormonal factors. This statement is incorrect, as it does not reflect the gender disparity.

Choice B reason: Parkinson’s disease typically affects individuals over 60, with age being the primary risk factor due to progressive dopamine neuron loss in the substantia nigra, causing motor symptoms, making this the correct information.

Choice C reason: Parkinson’s disease is not caused by infection but by neurodegeneration, primarily dopamine neuron loss. Infections may mimic symptoms in rare cases, but this is not the etiology, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Only 10–15% of Parkinson’s cases are inherited, linked to genes like LRRK2. Most cases are sporadic, related to environmental and age-related factors, making this statement incorrect for the majority of cases.

A. The patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis B. The patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin to prevent ketoacidosis but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome C. The patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretion and requires daily insulin injections D. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Type 2 diabetes patients typically have sufficient endogenous insulin to prevent ketoacidosis, which is more common in type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. Pneumonia may increase insulin needs, but ketoacidosis is rare, making insulin therapy non-essential for this purpose.

Choice B reason: In type 2 diabetes, patients often produce enough insulin to prevent ketoacidosis but face insulin resistance, increasing risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) during stressors like pneumonia. HHS results from severe hyperglycemia and dehydration, common in type 2 diabetes under stress, making this statement correct.

Choice C reason: Minimal or absent insulin secretion is characteristic of type 1 diabetes, not type 2, where insulin resistance predominates with variable insulin production. Type 2 patients may not require daily insulin, especially early in the disease, making this statement incorrect.

Choice D reason: Islet cell antibodies are associated with type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition destroying pancreatic beta cells. Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, not antibody-mediated destruction, making this statement incorrect for a type 2 diabetes patient.

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A nurse is providing information to a client about risk factors for developing an anxiety-related disorder. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for developing an anxiety-related disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a presentation on Parkinson’s disease (PD) for a health fair at a local community center. Which information should the nurse include in the presentation?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which statement would be correct for a patient with type 2 diabetes who was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse is planning preoperative care for a client who will undergo surgery. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four clients who have an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at risk for metabolic acidosis?

The nurse is assessing an older adult client. Which finding should cause the nurse to suspect the client has Parkinson disease (PD)? (Select all that apply)

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The daughter of a wheelchair-bound older adult client is concerned because her mother has been experiencing urinary incontinence. Which statement should the nurse use to explain the condition to the daughter?

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