A nurse is providing patient teaching to a patient who has been experiencing unstable angina.
What will the nurse’s explanation of this condition include?

A coronary vessel has become completely occluded and is unable to deliver blood to the heart.

The pain is caused by a spasm of a blood vessel not just by the vessel narrowing.

Your body response to a lack of oxygen in the heart muscle is pain.

There is a serious narrowing of a coronary artery that is causing a reduction in oxygen to the heart.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

This choice is incorrect. A complete occlusion of a coronary vessel results in a myocardial infarction (heart attack), not unstable angina. Unstable angina occurs when there is a significant narrowing or partial blockage of a coronary artery, leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, causing pain or discomfort. Complete occlusion would cause permanent damage to the heart muscle, which is not the case with unstable angina.

Choice B rationale

This choice is correct. While unstable angina is mainly caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries, it can also be caused by a spasm of the blood vessel. This spasm, also known as vasospasm, reduces the amount of blood flow to the heart muscle, resulting in pain. These spasms can occur even if the coronary arteries do not have significant plaque buildup, adding another layer of complexity to the condition.

Choice C rationale

This choice is partially correct. The body’s response to a lack of oxygen (ischemia) in the heart muscle does result in pain, known as angina. However, this choice does not fully capture the specific nature of unstable angina, which involves episodes of pain that occur more frequently and are more severe than those associated with stable angina, and can occur at rest or with minimal exertion, indicating a higher risk for a heart attack.

Choice D rationale

This choice is correct. Unstable angina is characterized by a serious narrowing of a coronary artery that reduces oxygen supply to the heart. This narrowing is typically due to atherosclerotic plaque and can be complicated by blood clots or spasms. Unlike stable angina, the pain of unstable angina is more unpredictable and can occur without a triggering factor like exercise or stress, signaling a higher risk of a heart attack.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs block sodium channels, affecting phase 0 of the action potential, not phase 3.

Choice B rationale

Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs block calcium channels, which affects phase 2 of the action potential and slows heart rate and conduction.

Choice C rationale

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs block potassium channels, prolonging phase 3 of the action potential. This results in a prolonged repolarization period, reducing the risk of arrhythmia.

Choice D rationale

Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are beta-blockers that primarily affect phase 4 of the action potential, reducing heart rate and conduction, but they do not block potassium channels.

A. Guaifenesin. B. Dextromethorphan. C. Acetylcysteine. D. Flunisolide.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Guaifenesin is an expectorant that increases the output of respiratory tract fluid by reducing the adhesiveness and surface tension of the mucus, facilitating the removal of viscous mucus.

Choice B rationale

Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant that works on the cough center in the brain to reduce the urge to cough. It does not enhance the output of respiratory tract fluid.

Choice C rationale

Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic that breaks down the chemical structure of mucus molecules, making the mucus less viscous, but it does not enhance the output of respiratory tract fluid by reducing adhesiveness.

Choice D rationale

Flunisolide is an inhaled corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in the airways. It does not enhance the output of respiratory tract fluid.

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A nurse is providing patient teaching to a patient who has been experiencing unstable angina.What will the nurse’s explanation of this condition include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What class of antiarrhythmic drugs blocks potassium channels prolonging phase 3 of the action potential and slowing the rate and conduction of the heart?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

What drug enhances the output of respiratory tract fluid by reducing the adhesiveness and surface tension of the fluid which facilitates the removal of viscous mucus?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is providing patient teaching to a patient who has been experiencing unstable angina.
What will the nurse’s explanation of this condition include?