A nurse is providing teaching about a weight reduction plan to a client who is obese and has type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
I should reduce my caloric intake by 200 calories a day to lose 1 pound a week.
I need to lose 5 percent of my body weight to improve my glycemic control.
I must exercise for 30 minutes three times a week to lose 1 pound per week.
If my blood glucose level drops during exercise, I should drink 16 ounces of apple juice.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Reducing caloric intake by 200 calories a day may not be enough to achieve significant weight loss for a client who is obese. The recommended daily calorie deficit for weight loss is 500 to 750 calories, which can result in a loss of 1 to 1.5 pounds per week¹.
Choice B reason: Losing 5 percent of body weight can improve glycemic control and reduce the need for glucose-lowering medications for a client who has type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that weight loss of 5 to 10 percent can lower HbA1c levels by 0.5 to 1.0 percentage points².
Choice C reason: Exercising for 30 minutes three times a week may not be sufficient to lose 1 pound per week. The recommended amount of physical activity for weight loss is at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, plus resistance training at least twice a week³.
Choice D reason: Drinking 16 ounces of apple juice is not advisable if the blood glucose level drops during exercise, as it can cause hyperglycemia. Apple juice contains about 48 grams of carbohydrates, which is equivalent to four servings of glucose tablets⁴. The recommended treatment for hypoglycemia is to consume 15 to 20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets, gel, or juice, and recheck the blood glucose level after 15 minutes⁵.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Calcium is not a dietary supplement that can help with wound healing, although it is important for bone health and muscle contraction. Calcium deficiency can cause osteoporosis, muscle cramps, and abnormal heart rhythms, but it does not affect wound healing.
Choice B reason: Potassium is not a dietary supplement that can help with wound healing, although it is essential for nerve and muscle function and fluid balance. Potassium deficiency can cause weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias, and muscle cramps, but it does not affect wound healing.
Choice C reason: Vitamin C is a dietary supplement that can help with wound healing, as it is involved in collagen synthesis, tissue repair, and immune response. Vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy, which is characterized by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and anemia.
Choice D reason: Vitamin D is not a dietary supplement that can help with wound healing, although it is necessary for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune function. Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, osteomalacia, and increased risk of infections, but it does not affect wound healing.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Checking the client's deep tendon reflexes every 4 hr is a appropriate action for a nurse to take for a client who has hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia is a low level of magnesium in the blood, which can cause neuromuscular excitability and hyperreflexia. The nurse should monitor the client's reflexes for signs of increased or decreased response, which can indicate worsening or improving hypomagnesemia.
Choice B reason: Encouraging the client to consume more fiber is not a relevant action for a nurse to take for a client who has hypomagnesemia. Fiber is beneficial for digestive health and blood glucose control, but it has no direct effect on magnesium levels. The nurse should encourage the client to consume foods that are rich in magnesium, such as green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, and whole grains.
Choice C reason: Restricting the client's fluid intake to 500 mL/day is not a safe or effective action for a nurse to take for a client who has hypomagnesemia. Fluid restriction can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and kidney damage, which can worsen hypomagnesemia. The nurse should maintain the client's fluid balance and monitor their urine output and specific gravity.
Choice D reason: Limiting sodium-containing foods on the client's meal tray is not a necessary action for a nurse to take for a client who has hypomagnesemia. Sodium is not directly related to magnesium levels, and limiting sodium intake can cause hyponatremia, which is a low level of sodium in the blood. The nurse should ensure that the client receives adequate sodium intake from their diet or supplements.
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