A nurse is providing teaching about self-administration of insulin to the parent of a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?
"The insulin can be injected anywhere there is adipose tissue."
"I will be sure my child rotates sites after 5 injections in one area."
"I will be sure my child aspirates before injecting the insulin."
"The insulin should be injected at a 90-degree angle."
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A: This statement does not indicate a need for further teaching, as it is correct that insulin can be injected anywhere there is adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the layer of fat under the skin that can absorb insulin and prevent damage to muscles or organs. The common sites for insulin injection are the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, or upper arms.
Choice B: This statement does not indicate a need for further teaching, as it is correct that the child should rotate sites after 5 injections in one area. Rotating sites can prevent lipodystrophy, which is a condition that causes abnormal changes in fat tissue due to repeated injections. Lipodystrophy can affect the appearance and absorption of insulin in the affected area.
Choice C: This statement indicates a need for further teaching, as it is incorrect that the child should aspirate before injecting the insulin. Aspiration is the process of pulling back on the plunger of the syringe to check for blood before injecting the medication. Aspiration is not recommended for insulin injection, as it can cause pain, bruising, or leakage of insulin from the injection site.
Choice D: This statement does not indicate a need for further teaching, as it is correct that insulin should be injected at a 90-degree angle. Injecting insulin at a 90-degree angle can ensure that the medication reaches the adipose tissue and prevents skin irritation or muscle damage. The only exception is if the child has very thin skin or uses very short needles, in which case they may inject at a 45-degree angle.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because a regular diet, no added salt may not be sufficient to prevent fluid retention and hypertension in a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels that filter blood in the kidneys. It may cause symptoms such as hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, or hypertension. Therefore, avoiding salt alone may not reduce sodium and water intake and excretion.
Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because a low-protein, low-potassium diet may not be necessary for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. A low-protein, low-potassium diet may be indicated for a child who has chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease, which can cause uremia, hyperkalemia, or metabolic acidosis. However, in acute glomerulonephritis, the kidney function usually recovers within weeks or months, and the protein and potassium levels are not significantly affected.
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because a low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet may not be appropriate for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. A low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet may be used for a child who has diabetes mellitus or ketosis-prone epilepsy, which can cause hyperglycemia or ketone production. However, in acute glomerulonephritis, carbohydrate metabolism is not impaired, and the protein intake should be adequate to prevent malnutrition and promote healing.
Choice D reason: This choice is correct because a low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet is an appropriate diet for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. A low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet helps to reduce the fluid retention and hypertension by limiting the sodium and water intake and excretion. The sodium intake should be less than 2 g per day, and the fluid intake should be equal to the urine output plus 500 mL per day.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Toys that can't be dry cleaned or washed do not need to be thrown out, as they can be treated by sealing them in plastic bags for two weeks or placing them in a freezer for two days. This will kill any lice or nits that may have been transferred from the child's head.
Choice B: Nits will not always be present, as they can be removed by using a fine-toothed comb or applying products that loosen their attachment to the hair shafts. Nits are the eggs of lice that are glued to the hair near the scalp. Nits can hatch into nymphs within seven to ten days and mature into adult lice within another seven to ten days.
Choice C: All recently used clothing, bedding, and towels must be washed in hot water, as this will kill any lice or nits that may have been transferred from the child's head. Hot water means at least 54°C/130°F for at least ten minutes. The items should also be dried in high heat for at least twenty minutes.
Choice D: Treating all the family members is not necessary, as only those who have evidence of lice or nits should be treated with medicated shampoos or lotions that kill lice and prevent re-infestation. Treating all the family members may cause unnecessary exposure to chemicals or resistance to treatment.
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