A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Take a dose of loperamide each morning."

"Increase your fluid intake to 1,000 milliliters per day."

"Take psyllium in the evening."

"Consume a diet that is low in protein."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:
A. "Take a dose of loperamide each morning.": Loperamide is an antidiarrheal medication and is not appropriate for clients with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). Using loperamide in these clients could worsen constipation.

B. "Increase your fluid intake to 1,000 milliliters per day.": A daily fluid intake of 1,000 milliliters (1 liter) is typically insufficient. Adequate hydration is essential for managing constipation, and clients are generally encouraged to consume at least 6 to 8 glasses (approximately 1.5 to 2 liters) of water daily to help soften stools and promote regular bowel movements.

C. "Take psyllium in the evening.": Psyllium is a soluble fiber supplement that can help alleviate constipation by increasing stool bulk and promoting bowel movements. Taking psyllium in the evening is appropriate, but it is crucial to take it with a full glass of water and maintain adequate hydration throughout the day to prevent potential side effects like bloating or gas.

D. "Consume a diet that is low in protein.": There is no specific recommendation for a low-protein diet in managing IBS-C. Dietary modifications for IBS-C typically focus on increasing soluble fiber intake and reducing fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) rather than altering protein consumption.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Coronary artery disease: This is a macrovascular complication of diabetes caused by atherosclerosis affecting large blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart and increased risk of myocardial infarction. It does not involve small vessel damage.

B. Retinopathy: Diabetic retinopathy is a classic microvascular complication resulting from damage to the small blood vessels of the retina due to chronic hyperglycemia. Over time, it can lead to vision impairment and blindness if not managed appropriately.

C. Cerebrovascular accident: A stroke is considered a macrovascular complication involving large arteries that supply the brain. Diabetes increases the risk through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis.

D. Hypertension: Hypertension is a common comorbidity in people with diabetes and contributes to both micro- and macrovascular complications, but it is not itself classified as a direct microvascular complication of diabetes.

A. A B. B C. C D. D

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:

A. This area is the lateral side of the the heel and is more commonly affected by arterial ulcers or pressure injuries. It is not the typical location for ulcers caused by venous insufficiency.

B. This area is the area on the tip of toes and is not a typical site for venous ulcers. Ulcers in this location are commonly arterial or diabetic ulcers.

C. This area is the area on the sole of the feet at the base of the big toe and is not a typical site for venous ulcers.
D. This area is the medial malleolus, just above the inner ankle, which is the most common site for venous ulcers. Chronic venous insufficiency leads to venous stasis and increased pressure in this region, causing skin breakdown and ulceration.

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A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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