A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Take a dose of loperamide each morning."

"Increase your fluid intake to 1,000 milliliters per day."

"Take psyllium in the evening."

"Consume a diet that is low in protein."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:
A. "Take a dose of loperamide each morning.": Loperamide is an antidiarrheal medication and is not appropriate for clients with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). Using loperamide in these clients could worsen constipation.

B. "Increase your fluid intake to 1,000 milliliters per day.": A daily fluid intake of 1,000 milliliters (1 liter) is typically insufficient. Adequate hydration is essential for managing constipation, and clients are generally encouraged to consume at least 6 to 8 glasses (approximately 1.5 to 2 liters) of water daily to help soften stools and promote regular bowel movements.

C. "Take psyllium in the evening.": Psyllium is a soluble fiber supplement that can help alleviate constipation by increasing stool bulk and promoting bowel movements. Taking psyllium in the evening is appropriate, but it is crucial to take it with a full glass of water and maintain adequate hydration throughout the day to prevent potential side effects like bloating or gas.

D. "Consume a diet that is low in protein.": There is no specific recommendation for a low-protein diet in managing IBS-C. Dietary modifications for IBS-C typically focus on increasing soluble fiber intake and reducing fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) rather than altering protein consumption.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. "Use salt substitutes to reduce your sodium intake.": Salt substitutes often contain potassium, which can accumulate to dangerous levels in clients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, they should be avoided rather than recommended.

B. "Increase your fluid intake to 1,000 mL a day.": Clients on hemodialysis typically require fluid restrictions, not increases, to prevent fluid overload between dialysis sessions. Fluid allowances are individualized based on urine output and clinical status.

C. "Include phosphorus-rich foods in your diet.": Phosphorus levels tend to rise in clients with kidney failure, contributing to bone disease. These clients are advised to avoid phosphorus-rich foods like dairy, nuts, and cola beverages.

D. "Avoid food products that contain trans-fats.": Clients with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Avoiding trans-fats, which raise LDL cholesterol and promote inflammation, supports heart health and is an appropriate dietary recommendation.

A. Vitiligo B. Osteoporosis C. Myxedema D. Heat intolerance

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Vitiligo: Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition characterized by depigmented patches of skin due to melanocyte destruction. It is more commonly associated with Addison's disease, not Cushing’s syndrome, which involves cortisol excess rather than deficiency.

B. Osteoporosis: Cushing's syndrome causes prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, which inhibits bone formation and accelerates bone resorption. This leads to decreased bone density, making osteoporosis a common and expected finding in affected clients.

C. Myxedema: Myxedema refers to the severe hypothyroid state marked by non-pitting edema, dry skin, and slowed metabolism. It is associated with thyroid hormone deficiency, not the glucocorticoid excess seen in Cushing's syndrome.

D. Heat intolerance: Heat intolerance is a symptom more commonly linked to hyperthyroidism, where an increased metabolic rate leads to overheating. Clients with Cushing’s syndrome typically experience weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance rather than heat sensitivity.

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A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is starting to receive hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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