A nurse is providing teaching for a patient who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about ways to manage their condition.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Drink milk to soothe your stomach.”.
"Sleep on your left side.”.
"Wait to go to bed for 1 hr after eating.”.
"Eat four to six small meals each day.”.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Milk can temporarily buffer stomach acid, but it also stimulates acid production due to its fat and calcium content, potentially worsening GERD symptoms in the long run. Therefore, this is not a recommended instruction for managing GERD.
Choice B rationale
Sleeping on the left side may help reduce nighttime reflux in some individuals because the esophagus enters the stomach on the right side. This positioning can keep the lower esophageal sphincter above the level of gastric contents, reducing the likelihood of reflux.
Choice C rationale
Lying down shortly after eating can increase the risk of stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus. Gravity helps to keep stomach contents down when a person is upright. Waiting at least 2 to 3 hours after eating before going to bed is generally recommended to manage GERD.
Choice D rationale
Eating larger meals can increase gastric pressure and the volume of stomach contents, both of which can contribute to reflux. Consuming four to six smaller meals throughout the day can help reduce gastric distension and acid production after meals, thereby minimizing GERD symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, often presents as a raised, flesh-colored or pearly white papule or nodule with rolled, pearly borders and telangiectasia (visible small blood vessels). The description of the 1-cm raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly white borders aligns with the typical appearance of basal cell carcinoma.
Choice B rationale
Malignant melanoma is characterized by its irregular shape, asymmetrical borders, uneven color (often with shades of black, brown, red, white, or blue), and diameter greater than 6 mm. It can arise from existing moles or appear as a new pigmented lesion. The described lesion does not fit this profile.
Choice C rationale
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin condition that appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas. These lesions are typically flat or slightly raised and can be skin-colored, reddish-brown, or have a whitish scale. The description of a raised lesion with pearly borders is inconsistent with actinic keratosis.
Choice D rationale
Squamous cell carcinoma often presents as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. It can also appear as a non-healing ulcer. While it can occur on the chest, the pearly white borders are more characteristic of basal cell carcinoma.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Increasing protein intake is important for tissue repair and overall healing in patients with osteomyelitis. However, addressing the acute bacterial infection is the immediate priority to prevent further bone destruction and systemic spread of the infection.
Choice B rationale
Teaching relaxation breathing can help manage the pain associated with osteomyelitis. While pain management is crucial for patient comfort, it does not address the underlying bacterial infection that is causing the acute illness and bone damage.
Choice C rationale
Antipyretic therapy, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help reduce fever, which is a common systemic manifestation of acute osteomyelitis. However, lowering the fever does not treat the underlying infection and its potential complications.
Choice D rationale
Acute osteomyelitis is a bone infection, and the priority intervention is the prompt administration of antibiotics. Antibiotics target and eradicate the causative bacteria, preventing further bone destruction, reducing the risk of sepsis, and promoting healing. Delaying antibiotic administration can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening complications.
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