A nurse is teaching a patient at high risk for osteoporosis about dietary measures they can take to increase their calcium level.
Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to increase in their diet?
Cabbage.
Carrots.
Potatoes.
Broccoli.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Cabbage contains some calcium, but its bioavailability is lower compared to other sources due to the presence of oxalates, which can bind to calcium and inhibit its absorption in the small intestine. While vegetables are important for overall health, cabbage is not a primary food source recommended for significantly increasing calcium levels.
Choice B rationale
Carrots are a good source of beta-carotene and fiber but are not particularly high in calcium content. Their primary nutritional benefits lie in providing vitamin A precursors and supporting digestive health. Therefore, increasing carrot intake would not significantly impact calcium levels.
Choice C rationale
Potatoes contain minimal amounts of calcium. They are primarily a source of carbohydrates, potassium, and vitamin C. While part of a balanced diet, they are not a recommended food for specifically increasing calcium intake to prevent or manage osteoporosis.
Choice D rationale
Broccoli is a good source of non-dairy calcium, and its bioavailability is relatively high. Additionally, broccoli provides other essential nutrients like vitamin K, which plays a role in bone health. Increasing the consumption of cruciferous vegetables like broccoli can contribute to improved calcium intake and support bone density.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, often presents as a raised, flesh-colored or pearly white papule or nodule with rolled, pearly borders and telangiectasia (visible small blood vessels). The description of the 1-cm raised, flesh-colored lesion with pearly white borders aligns with the typical appearance of basal cell carcinoma.
Choice B rationale
Malignant melanoma is characterized by its irregular shape, asymmetrical borders, uneven color (often with shades of black, brown, red, white, or blue), and diameter greater than 6 mm. It can arise from existing moles or appear as a new pigmented lesion. The described lesion does not fit this profile.
Choice C rationale
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous skin condition that appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas. These lesions are typically flat or slightly raised and can be skin-colored, reddish-brown, or have a whitish scale. The description of a raised lesion with pearly borders is inconsistent with actinic keratosis.
Choice D rationale
Squamous cell carcinoma often presents as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. It can also appear as a non-healing ulcer. While it can occur on the chest, the pearly white borders are more characteristic of basal cell carcinoma.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Intestinal parasites can cause anemia through various mechanisms, such as blood loss, nutrient malabsorption, and inflammation. However, this is not a direct manifestation of ulcerative colitis itself but rather a separate potential cause of anemia in any individual. Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum.
Choice B rationale
Chronic blood loss is a significant contributing factor to anemia in patients with ulcerative colitis. The inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa lead to bleeding into the intestinal lumen. Over time, this persistent blood loss can result in iron deficiency anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Normal hemoglobin ranges are typically 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL for men and 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL for women.
Choice C rationale
Intestinal malabsorption syndrome can lead to anemia by impairing the absorption of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, and folate, which are crucial for red blood cell production. While malabsorption can occur in inflammatory bowel diseases, it is more commonly associated with Crohn's disease, which affects the entire gastrointestinal tract, rather than primarily ulcerative colitis.
Choice D rationale
Dietary iron restrictions would limit the intake of a necessary component for hemoglobin synthesis, potentially leading to or exacerbating anemia. However, this is an external factor and not a manifestation of ulcerative colitis itself. In fact, patients with ulcerative colitis are often encouraged to maintain a diet rich in iron-containing foods to compensate for blood loss.
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